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Related Concept Videos

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)...
lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)...
Types of RNA01:20

Types of RNA

Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA Performs Diverse...
Types of RNA01:23

Types of RNA

Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA...
Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay02:27

Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay

The Upf proteins that carry out nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) are found in all eukaryotic organisms, including humans. Each protein has an individual role, but they need to work in collaboration. Upf1 is an ATP-dependent RNA helicase that unwinds the RNA helix. Because Upf1 can unwind any RNA, Upf2 and Upf3 are required to help Upf1 discriminate between nonsense and normal mRNAs.
Usually, Upf3 binds to an Exon Junction Complex (EJC) at mRNA splice sites. If a ribosome fully translates the mRNA,...
Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay02:27

Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay

The Upf proteins that carry out nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) are found in all eukaryotic organisms, including humans. Each protein has an individual role, but they need to work in collaboration. Upf1 is an ATP-dependent RNA helicase that unwinds the RNA helix. Because Upf1 can unwind any RNA, Upf2 and Upf3 are required to help Upf1 discriminate between nonsense and normal mRNAs.
Usually, Upf3 binds to an Exon Junction Complex (EJC) at mRNA splice sites. If a ribosome fully translates the mRNA,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 2, 2026

RNA Pull-down Procedure to Identify RNA Targets of a Long Non-coding RNA
09:36

RNA Pull-down Procedure to Identify RNA Targets of a Long Non-coding RNA

Published on: April 10, 2018

No-nonsense functions for long noncoding RNAs.

Takashi Nagano1, Peter Fraser

  • 1Nuclear Dynamics and Function Laboratory, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK.

Cell
|April 19, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Long noncoding RNAs, the genome's "Dark Matter," are revealing complex functions. Recent studies illuminate the diverse roles of these enigmatic molecules in biological processes.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 2, 2026

RNA Pull-down Procedure to Identify RNA Targets of a Long Non-coding RNA
09:36

RNA Pull-down Procedure to Identify RNA Targets of a Long Non-coding RNA

Published on: April 10, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) were once considered transcriptional noise.
  • Their regulatory roles in gene expression and cellular functions are increasingly recognized.
  • lncRNAs represent a significant, yet understudied, component of the eukaryotic genome.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the complex and diverse functions of long noncoding RNAs.
  • To highlight recent advancements in understanding lncRNA mechanisms.
  • To explore the 'Dark Matter' of the genome.

Main Methods:

  • Bioinformatic analyses of lncRNA sequences and expression data.
  • Functional genomics studies, including knockdown and overexpression experiments.
  • High-throughput sequencing technologies to identify novel lncRNAs and their targets.

Main Results:

  • Identification of novel lncRNAs with specific cellular roles.
  • Characterization of diverse mechanisms by which lncRNAs regulate gene expression.
  • Evidence for lncRNAs involvement in various biological pathways, including development and disease.

Conclusions:

  • Long noncoding RNAs possess multifaceted functions beyond simple gene regulation.
  • These molecules are critical players in cellular processes and disease pathogenesis.
  • Further research into lncRNAs promises significant insights into genome function.