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Related Concept Videos

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions01:30

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial exposure to a...
Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis01:30

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin, heparin),...
Allergic Reactions02:06

Allergic Reactions

Overview
Allergic Drug Reactions01:27

Allergic Drug Reactions

Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing numerous...
Cross-reactivity00:42

Cross-reactivity

Overview
Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and reactivity.

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A Mouse Ear Model for Allergic Contact Dermatitis Evaluation
08:02

A Mouse Ear Model for Allergic Contact Dermatitis Evaluation

Published on: March 24, 2023

New and emerging cosmetic allergens.

Rosie F Davies1, Graham A Johnston

  • 1Department of Dermatology, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Infirmary Square, Leicester, LE1 5WW, UK.

Clinics in Dermatology
|April 19, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Cosmetic ingredients like fragrances and preservatives commonly cause allergic contact dermatitis. Dermatologists must maintain a high suspicion for these reactions, especially with facial dermatitis, and monitor emerging allergens.

Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Allergology
  • Cosmetic Science

Background:

  • Human skin frequently encounters diverse cosmetic allergens.
  • Fragrances, preservatives, and hair dyes are primary culprits in allergic contact dermatitis.
  • Reactions can be subtle, necessitating a high index of suspicion for cosmetic dermatitis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the prevalence of chemicals in cosmetics.
  • To detail dermatologists' methods for monitoring cosmetic allergy trends.
  • To identify new and emerging cosmetic allergens.

Main Methods:

  • Review of cosmetic ingredient usage and allergy monitoring by dermatologists.
  • Analysis of current and emerging allergens in cosmetic products.
  • Clinical assessment of patients with suspected cosmetic-induced dermatitis.

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Last Updated: Jun 2, 2026

A Mouse Ear Model for Allergic Contact Dermatitis Evaluation
08:02

A Mouse Ear Model for Allergic Contact Dermatitis Evaluation

Published on: March 24, 2023

Murine Model of Epicutaneously-Induced Immunomodulation
09:07

Murine Model of Epicutaneously-Induced Immunomodulation

Published on: June 24, 2025

Main Results:

  • Cosmetic ingredients are a significant cause of allergic contact dermatitis.
  • Dermatologists utilize specific monitoring strategies for cosmetic allergies.
  • Several new allergens require consideration in clinical practice.

Conclusions:

  • A high index of suspicion is crucial for diagnosing cosmetic dermatitis.
  • Understanding allergen trends and emerging substances is vital for dermatologists.
  • Continued monitoring and assessment are necessary to manage cosmetic allergies effectively.