Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 2, 2026
Collection of Human Follicular Fluid, Follicle Somatic Cells, and Immature Oocytes from Individuals Undergoing In Vitro Fertilization
Published on: October 24, 2025
Influence of follicular fluid GDF9 and BMP15 on embryo quality
Funda Gode1, Bulent Gulekli, Erbil Dogan
1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dokuz Eylul University Medical School, Dokuz Eylul University Hospital, Izmir, Turkey. funda.gode@gmail.com
Objective:
To evaluate the association between follicular fluid levels of propeptide and mature forms of growth differentiation factor (GDF) 9 and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) 15 with subsequent oocyte and embryo quality.
Design:
Prospective clinical study.
Setting:
University hospital.
Patient(S):
Eighty-one infertile patients who underwent in vitro fertilization (IVF)/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI).
Intervention(S):
The expression levels of the propeptide and mature forms of follicular fluid GDF9 and BMP15 were determined by western blot analysis. The levels of follicular fluid hormones (FSH, E2, and P) were measured with automated chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassays.
Main Outcome Measure(S):
The relationships between the levels of GDF9 and BMP15, hormones, oocyte maturation, and embryo quality.
Result(S):
Mature GDF9 levels were significantly correlated with the nuclear maturation of oocytes. The mean mature GDF9 level was 4.87±0.60 in the high-embryo-quality group and 1.45±0.81 in the low-embryo-quality group. There were no statistically significant differences in embryo quality among the patients regarding propeptide GDF9 and BMP15 expression status. There was a negative correlation between follicular fluid levels of P and the mature form of GDF9.
Conclusion(S):
Higher mature GDF9 levels in the follicular fluid were significantly correlated with oocyte nuclear maturation and embryo quality.
