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Related Concept Videos

Life Tables01:22

Life Tables

A life table is a statistical tool that summarizes the mortality and survival patterns of a population, providing detailed insights into the likelihood of survival or death across different age intervals within a cohort. By organizing data on survival probabilities and mortality rates, life tables offer a clear snapshot of population dynamics over time. They are extensively used in demography, public health, actuarial science, and ecology to analyze life expectancy, design health interventions,...
Applications of Life Tables01:22

Applications of Life Tables

Life tables are versatile across various fields, providing a quantitative basis for analyzing mortality and survival rates. Whether used by demographers, actuaries, epidemiologists, or sociologists, life tables offer valuable insights into the dynamics of life and death, facilitating informed decisions in public health, insurance, conservation, and beyond. Their broad applicability highlights the interconnectedness of demographic data with practical outcomes in everyday life and strategic...
Regression Toward the Mean01:52

Regression Toward the Mean

Regression toward the mean (“RTM”) is a phenomenon in which extremely high or low values—for example, and individual’s blood pressure at a particular moment—appear closer to a group’s average upon remeasuring. Although this statistical peculiarity is the result of random error and chance, it has been problematic across various medical, scientific, financial and psychological applications. In particular, RTM, if not taken into account, can interfere when researchers try to extrapolate results...
Fetal Circulation01:14

Fetal Circulation

Fetal circulation is a unique system that facilitates the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste products between the developing fetus and the mother. This intricate process takes place through a special organ called the placenta.
Two umbilical arteries transport blood from the fetus to the placenta. At the placenta, the blood absorbs oxygen and nutrients while simultaneously eliminating waste products. This oxygen-enriched and nutrient-rich blood then returns to the fetus through one...
Actuarial Approach01:20

Actuarial Approach

The actuarial approach, a statistical method originally developed for life insurance risk assessment, is widely used to calculate survival rates in clinical and population studies. This method accounts for participants lost to follow-up or those who die from causes unrelated to the study, ensuring a more accurate representation of survival probabilities.
Consider the example of a high-risk surgical procedure with significant early-stage mortality. A two-year clinical study is conducted,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Modeling Ascending Vaginal Infection, Preterm Birth, and Neonatal Morbidity in Mice
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Published on: October 10, 2025

Stillbirths: Where? When? Why? How to make the data count?

Joy E Lawn1, Hannah Blencowe, Robert Pattinson

  • 1Saving Newborn Lives/Save the Children, Cape Town, South Africa. joylawn@yahoo.co.uk

Lancet (London, England)
|April 19, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Millions of stillbirths occur annually, predominantly in low-income countries, highlighting a critical gap in maternal and child health monitoring and data collection. Improved data and classification systems are essential for global stillbirth prevention efforts.

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Area of Science:

  • Global health
  • Maternal and child health
  • Perinatal epidemiology

Background:

  • Stillbirths are a neglected global health issue, largely excluded from major international health metrics and goals.
  • An estimated 2.65 million stillbirths occurred globally in 2008, with 98% in low- and middle-income countries.
  • Disparities exist, with higher stillbirth rates in rural areas of sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the invisibility and scale of the stillbirth problem globally.
  • To identify key demographic and geographic factors associated with stillbirths.
  • To advocate for improved data collection, classification, and reporting of stillbirths.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of global stillbirth estimates for 2008, stratified by birthweight and gestational age.
  • Examination of geographic and demographic distribution of stillbirths, including rural vs. urban settings.
  • Review of existing data collection and classification systems for stillbirths.

Main Results:

  • Over 2.65 million stillbirths estimated in 2008, with 98% in low- and middle-income countries.
  • Significant rural-urban disparities in stillbirth rates and access to skilled birth attendance.
  • Estimated 1.19 million intrapartum stillbirths annually, often linked to obstetric emergencies.

Conclusions:

  • Stillbirths require urgent global attention and inclusion in health monitoring frameworks.
  • Addressing disparities in rural areas and improving access to obstetric care are critical.
  • Standardized classification and improved vital registration are necessary for effective stillbirth prevention strategies.