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Updated: Jun 2, 2026
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Comprehensive Analysis of Procoagulant Platelets Exhibiting Features of Necrosis, Apoptosis and Platelet Activation
Published on: May 23, 2025
Platelet additive solution - electrolytes.
Hiroshi Azuma1, Junichi Hirayama, Mitsuaki Akino
1Hokkaido Red Cross Blood Center, Yamanote 2-2 Nishi-ku, Sapporo 063-0002, Japan. azuma@hokkaido.bc.jrc.or.jp
Summary
Reducing plasma in platelet concentrates may prevent transfusion issues. Optimal electrolyte concentrations, including sodium, chloride, potassium, magnesium, and bicarbonate, are crucial for maintaining platelet function and longevity in additive solutions.
Area of Science:
- Blood banking and transfusion medicine
- Biochemistry and electrolyte balance
- Platelet physiology
Background:
- Plasma reduction in platelet concentrates is explored to mitigate transfusion-related adverse events.
- Understanding the electrolytic requirements for platelet function and longevity is key for developing effective additive solutions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze the electrolytic composition of platelet additive solutions.
- To determine the essential electrolyte concentrations for preserving platelet function and longevity.
Main Methods:
- Review of previously described platelet additive solutions.
- Analysis of electrolyte concentrations (Na+, Cl-, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, bicarbonate) and their impact on platelet preservation.
Main Results:
- Optimal Na+ and Cl- concentrations range from 69-115 mM.
- Physiological concentrations of K+ (3-5 mM) and Mg2+ (1.5-3 mM) are vital for preventing platelet activation.
- Bicarbonate (approx. 40 mM) is important for platelets in low-plasma (<5%) additive solutions.
- Ca2+ appears non-essential in solutions with minimal residual plasma.
Conclusions:
- Specific electrolyte compositions are critical for effective platelet preservation in reduced-plasma environments.
- Additive solutions require precise concentrations of Na+, Cl-, K+, Mg2+, and bicarbonate to maintain platelet viability and function.
- These findings guide the development of advanced platelet storage solutions to improve transfusion safety.
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