[Anabolic steroids and their abuse in sports]

Anabolic steroids increase protein synthesis in skeletal muscles and reverse catabolic processes. Because of these properties some athletes use anabolic steroids in an attempt to improve their athletic performance. However, the latest studies indicate that limited increases in muscle mass and strength during anabolic steroid administration are observed only in athletes who already are weight-trained and who continue intensive training while consuming high-protein, high-calorie diets. Adverse effects attributed to anabolic steroid use occur frequently. Serious adverse effects include hepatic and endocrine dysfunction; cardiovascular and behavioral changes are also reported. Some of the adverse effects associated with the use of these agents are irreversible, particularly in women. The use of anabolic steroids to improve athletic performance has become prevalent; however the limited benefits reported are offset by numerous adverse reactions.