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Neurotoxic effects associated with antibiotic use: management considerations
Marie F Grill1, Rama K Maganti
1University of California San Francisco, San Francisco General Hospital, 1001 Potrero Avenue, 4M62, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA.
British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology
|April 20, 2011
Summary
Antibiotics can cause serious neurotoxic effects, impacting the central nervous system (CNS). Early recognition and management, including dose adjustments, are crucial for reversible complications.
Area of Science:
- Pharmacology
- Neuroscience
- Clinical Medicine
Background:
- Antibiotics are essential for treating infections but can induce neurotoxic side effects.
- Neurotoxicity presents with diverse neurological symptoms, affecting the central nervous system (CNS).
- Certain patient groups, including those with pre-existing CNS disease, renal issues, or advanced age, are more susceptible.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the clinical manifestations of antibiotic-induced neurotoxicity.
- To explore the underlying mechanisms of these adverse effects.
- To outline current management strategies for antibiotic-induced neurotoxicity.
Main Methods:
- A comprehensive literature search was performed using PubMed and OVID databases.
- Searches covered publications from January 1960 to June 2010.
- Relevant case reports, series, letters, and retrospective reviews on antibiotic neurotoxicity were included.
Main Results:
- Antibiotic-induced neurotoxicity manifests in various neurological presentations.
- Vulnerable populations include patients with prior CNS disease, renal insufficiency, and the elderly.
- Management involves discontinuing the antibiotic, using antiepileptic drugs for seizures, and potentially hemodialysis.
Conclusions:
- Awareness of potential neurotoxic effects is vital for prompt identification.
- Vigilance in critically ill patients is essential for managing these reversible complications.
- Dosage adjustments in high-risk populations can mitigate the risk of CNS toxicity.
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