[Hygienic evaluation of technological, design and sanitary-technical solutions for large-scale chemical plants]

Complexes of technologic solution for the construction of large-scale plants producing ammonia, nitric and sulfuric acids, ammonium nitrate, carbomide and caprolactam , are characterized by both positive and negative hygienic features. The hygienic shortcomings reveal themselves in sporadic increases of hazardous ingredients in concentrations up to the MAC and higher levels, as well as in unfavorable labour conditions when dealing with catalysts, storage operations, inter-enterprise transportation, dispatching of raw materials and finished products, in the contamination of the in-going ventilation air, and in the compound influence of low temperatures and toxic substances. The concentration of several large-capacity enterprises in the same area entails large-scale discharges in the atmosphere with subsequent contamination of the surrounding protection areas. The author proposes a set of major preventive measures.