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Related Concept Videos

Alterations in Muscle Tone lll01:11

Alterations in Muscle Tone lll

Rigidity and myotonia are distinct abnormalities of muscle tone that affect resistance and relaxation during movement. Although both involve altered muscle contraction, they arise from different neurological and muscular mechanisms.CharacteristicsRigidity is characterized by uniform resistance to passive movement across the entire range, independent of speed, affecting flexors and extensors equally. It may appear as lead-pipe rigidity (smooth, constant resistance) or cogwheel rigidity...
Diabetic Neuropathy01:22

Diabetic Neuropathy

DefinitionDiabetic neuropathy is nerve damage caused by long-standing diabetes mellitus. It results directly from prolonged high blood sugar levels.PathophysiologyThe pathophysiology of diabetic neuropathy involves both metabolic and vascular disturbances triggered by chronic hyperglycemia.Metabolic injury: Elevated glucose levels activate the polyol pathway within nerve cells, leading to the accumulation of sorbitol and fructose. This increases oxidative stress, disrupts normal nerve...
Alterations in Muscle Tone ll01:12

Alterations in Muscle Tone ll

Alterations in muscle tone are common manifestations of neurological disorders and reflect dysfunction within different nervous system regions. Spasticity, paratonia, and dystonia represent distinct forms of hypertonia, each with unique mechanisms, clinical features, and diagnostic importance.CharacteristicsSpasticity happens from upper motor neuron lesions and is characterized by velocity-dependent resistance to passive movement. Clinical features include:Exaggerated deep tendon reflexesClonus...
Myasthenia Gravis ll: Pathophysiology01:22

Myasthenia Gravis ll: Pathophysiology

The disease process of myasthenia gravis begins at the neuromuscular junction, where antibodies attack key proteins needed for muscle activation. This immune reaction weakens signal transmission, leading to the characteristic muscle fatigue and weakness that define the condition.Immune-Mediated DamageIn most individuals, antibodies target acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) on the postsynaptic membrane of muscle cells. By blocking acetylcholine binding, these antibodies prevent the nerve signal...
Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle01:28

Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle

The clinical conditions affecting the skeletal muscle tissue are broadly categorized as musculoskeletal and neuromuscular disorders.
Musculoskeletal disorders
Musculoskeletal disorders involve injuries and conditions affecting the skeletal muscles and associated connective tissues. These disorders can arise from acute biomechanical stresses or chronic overuse and can occur across different age groups. Common injuries include sprains, fractures, and muscular strains, often resulting from...
Myasthenia Gravis: Diagnostic Tests01:15

Myasthenia Gravis: Diagnostic Tests

Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune condition affecting neuromuscular transmission, causing generalized weakness in skeletal muscles. Initial diagnoses rely on patients' signs, symptoms, and medical history. The challenge lies in distinguishing myasthenia from other muscular dystrophies. An important diagnostic feature is the significant improvement of symptoms after administering anticholinesterase inhibitors.
The edrophonium test is a diagnostic tool for myasthenia gravis. It involves...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Modeling Myotonic Dystrophy 1 in C2C12 Myoblast Cells
09:39

Modeling Myotonic Dystrophy 1 in C2C12 Myoblast Cells

Published on: July 29, 2016

Peripheral neuropathy in myotonic dystrophy type 1.

Mieke C E Hermans1, Catharina G Faber, Els K Vanhoutte

  • 1Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands. m.hermans@mumc.nl

Journal of the Peripheral Nervous System : JPNS
|April 21, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Peripheral nerve involvement is a subclinical manifestation in most Myotonic dystrophy 1 patients, affecting 17%. This neuropathy correlates with reduced muscle strength and absent reflexes but not balance or health status.

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In Vivo Electrophysiological Measurement of Compound Muscle Action Potential from the Forelimbs in Mouse Models of Motor Neuron Degeneration
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In Vivo Electrophysiological Measurement of Compound Muscle Action Potential from the Forelimbs in Mouse Models of Motor Neuron Degeneration

Published on: June 15, 2018

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Last Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Modeling Myotonic Dystrophy 1 in C2C12 Myoblast Cells
09:39

Modeling Myotonic Dystrophy 1 in C2C12 Myoblast Cells

Published on: July 29, 2016

In Vivo Electrophysiological Measurement of Compound Muscle Action Potential from the Forelimbs in Mouse Models of Motor Neuron Degeneration
06:35

In Vivo Electrophysiological Measurement of Compound Muscle Action Potential from the Forelimbs in Mouse Models of Motor Neuron Degeneration

Published on: June 15, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Genetics
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Myotonic dystrophy 1 (DM1) presents with diverse clinical symptoms.
  • Peripheral nerve involvement is a potential multisystemic manifestation of DM1.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the prevalence of peripheral nerve involvement in a large DM1 cohort.
  • To determine the clinical impact of neuropathy in DM1 patients.

Main Methods:

  • Neurological examination and nerve conduction studies in 93 DM1 patients.
  • Assessment of balance using the Berg Balance Scale.
  • Evaluation of health status with the SF-36 survey.

Main Results:

  • Electrophysiological evidence of neuropathy found in 17% of patients.
  • Neuropathy associated with decreased muscle strength and absent Achilles reflexes.
  • No significant impact on balance, mental, or physical health was observed.

Conclusions:

  • Peripheral nerve involvement is typically subclinical in DM1.
  • Other etiologies should be considered for severe sensory symptoms or signs in DM1.