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Related Concept Videos

Pathophysiology of Vomiting01:22

Pathophysiology of Vomiting

Vomiting is a complex physiological response to expel harmful or irritating substances from the body. It's a defensive mechanism triggered by stimuli like poisons, microbial toxins, cytotoxic drugs, and mechanical abdominal distension. The process is centrally coordinated by the vomiting (or emetic) center located in the medulla of the brainstem. This area, rich in muscarinic M1, histamine H1, neurokinin 1 (NK1), and serotonin 5-HT3 receptors, coordinates the act of vomiting through interaction...
Pyloric Obstruction01:11

Pyloric Obstruction

Pyloric obstruction, also referred to as gastric outlet obstruction, is a condition characterized by narrowing or blockage at the pylorus—the muscular valve regulating the flow of stomach contents into the duodenum. When this passage becomes impaired, the stomach cannot effectively empty its contents into the small intestine. This disruption leads to a range of gastrointestinal symptoms, including early satiety, bloating, epigastric pain, postprandial nausea, persistent vomiting, and...
Prevention of Further Absorption of Poison01:14

Prevention of Further Absorption of Poison

In cases of acute poisoning, the primary objective is to prevent further absorption of the toxic substance into the body. Immediate interventions using various decontamination techniques targeting the gastrointestinal (GI) tract can achieve this. Decontamination is crucial to prevent poison from entering the systemic circulation, which involves washing affected areas with water and mild soap and removing contaminated clothing. Once external decontamination is done, attention must be turned to...
Bulimia Nervosa01:30

Bulimia Nervosa

Bulimia nervosa is a complex and severe eating disorder characterized by a cyclical pattern of binge-and-purge eating pattern. It generally involves an episode of binge eating, followed by compensatory behaviors such as vomiting, excessive exercise, laxative use, or fasting, to prevent weight gain. Despite often maintaining a normal weight, individuals with bulimia are intensely preoccupied with their body image and harbor an overwhelming fear of gaining weight. This can contribute to the...
Intestinal Obstruction II: Pathophysiology01:07

Intestinal Obstruction II: Pathophysiology

Intestinal obstruction triggers a series of physiological responses, starting with gas and fluid accumulation in the bowel segment proximal to the obstruction, leading to distension. This distended intestine compresses the diaphragm, hindering lung expansion and potentially leading to reduced respiratory effort, atelectasis, and pneumonia.To overcome the blockage, the gut intensifies contractions, causing colicky abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting, which reduces fluid and food intake and...
Bacterial Gastroenteritis01:18

Bacterial Gastroenteritis

Bacterial gastroenteritis, characterized by diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and vomiting, is often caused by ingestion of contaminated food or water and is frequently associated with pathogenic Escherichia coli strains. These microbes exploit two principal mechanisms to inflict disease.Shiga toxin–producing E. coli, also referred to as STEC—notably O157:H7—release Shiga toxins that target ribosomes, blocking protein synthesis. The B subunit of the toxin binds the host glycolipid receptor...

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Melatonin for treatment of sleeping disorders in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a preliminary open label study.

European journal of pediatrics·2003
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Oral Gavage in Neonatal Mouse Pups and Functional Assessment of Gut Barrier Integrity Using Ussing Chambers
07:18

Oral Gavage in Neonatal Mouse Pups and Functional Assessment of Gut Barrier Integrity Using Ussing Chambers

Published on: January 9, 2026

[An infant with repeated projectile vomiting].

Lotte W Straasheijm1, J Sander Starreveld

  • 1Groene Hart Ziekenhuis, afd. Kindergeneeskunde Gouda, the Netherlands.

Nederlands Tijdschrift Voor Geneeskunde
|April 21, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Projectile vomiting in infants can indicate pyloric stenosis. A 2.5-month-old boy

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Last Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Oral Gavage in Neonatal Mouse Pups and Functional Assessment of Gut Barrier Integrity Using Ussing Chambers
07:18

Oral Gavage in Neonatal Mouse Pups and Functional Assessment of Gut Barrier Integrity Using Ussing Chambers

Published on: January 9, 2026

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Published on: August 4, 2023

A Modified Sonographic Algorithm for Image Acquisition in Life-Threatening Emergencies in the Critically Ill Newborn
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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Gastroenterology
  • Medical Imaging in Neonates

Background:

  • Infantile projectile vomiting is a concerning symptom requiring prompt diagnosis.
  • Pyloric hypertrophy, a cause of gastric outlet obstruction, is common in infants.
  • Ultrasound is a primary diagnostic tool for evaluating infantile vomiting.

Observation:

  • A 2.5-month-old male infant presented with projectile vomiting.
  • Previous ultrasounds yielded equivocal results for pyloric hypertrophy.
  • The infant's clinical presentation persisted despite initial investigations.

Findings:

  • A third ultrasound confirmed significant pyloric hypertrophy.
  • The findings suggest a developing or previously undetected obstruction.
  • The diagnostic imaging correlated with the infant's persistent symptoms.

Implications:

  • Early and accurate diagnosis of pyloric hypertrophy is crucial for timely intervention.
  • Serial ultrasounds may be necessary when initial findings are borderline.
  • This case highlights the importance of correlating imaging with clinical presentation in pediatric diagnostics.