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Related Concept Videos

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction01:25

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...
Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The iodine is then...
Hormonal Regulation01:33

Hormonal Regulation

The renin-aldosterone system is an endocrine system which guides the renal absorption of water and electrolytes, thus managing blood pressure and osmoregulation. Activation of the system begins in the kidneys with a small cluster of cells adjacent to the afferent and efferent blood vessels of the renal corpuscle. As the nephrons are filtering blood, juxtaglomerular cells monitor blood pressure. If they detect a decrease in pressure, they release the hormone renin into the bloodstream.
Hormonal Regulation01:40

Hormonal Regulation

Hormones regulate a significant portion of digestion through activation of the neuroendocrine system. The neuroendocrine system of digestion contains many different hormones all with multiple functions that are both, directly and indirectly, involved in digestion.
Cholinergic Antagonists: Therapeutic Uses01:26

Cholinergic Antagonists: Therapeutic Uses

Antimuscarinic drugs have various therapeutic applications by inhibiting parasympathetic stimulation in different systems. Here are the key therapeutic uses of antimuscarinics:    
Respiratory Tract: Ipratropium, aclidinium, and tiotropium treat asthma, chronic bronchitis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). They protect against bronchoconstriction caused by irritants like cigarette smoke, sulfur dioxide, and ozone. They also help reduce nasopharyngeal secretions in common...
Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:23

Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hypothyroidism is a disorder characterized by insufficient production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, energy balance, and multiple organ systems.TypesHypothyroidism is classified based on the level of dysfunction. Primary hypothyroidism results from intrinsic thyroid gland dysfunction, causing reduced hormone production despite normal or increased stimulation. Secondary hypothyroidism arises from inadequate thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion by the pituitary. Tertiary...

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In vivo Characterization of Endocrine Disrupting Chemical Effects via Thyroid Hormone Action Indicator Mouse
04:14

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Published on: October 6, 2023

Thyromimetics: a journey from bench to bed-side.

Ivan Tancevski1, Mats Rudling, Philipp Eller

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine I, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria. ivan.tancevski@i-med.ac.at

Pharmacology & Therapeutics
|April 21, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Selective thyromimetics, analogs of thyroid hormones, effectively lower harmful cholesterol and lipoprotein(a) levels. These compounds show promise for treating dyslipidemia and potentially other metabolic conditions without adverse cardiac effects.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Pharmacology
  • Cardiovascular Medicine

Background:

  • Thyroid hormones regulate metabolism, but systemic administration causes side effects.
  • Selective thyromimetics offer tissue-specific actions, primarily through thyroid hormone receptor-β.
  • Dyslipidemia remains a significant cardiovascular risk factor, necessitating novel therapeutic strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy and safety of selective thyromimetics in managing dyslipidemia.
  • To explore the potential of thyromimetics in treating obesity, hepatic steatosis, and atherosclerosis.
  • To assess the synergistic effects of thyromimetics with statins.

Main Methods:

  • Preclinical animal models were used to assess efficacy and safety.
  • Human clinical trials investigated lipid-lowering effects and heart rate impact.
  • Studies examined the combination therapy of thyromimetics with 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase inhibitors.

Main Results:

  • Selective thyromimetics consistently lowered low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and lipoprotein (a) levels.
  • No significant positive chronotropic effects (increased heart rate) were observed.
  • A synergistic lipid-lowering effect was noted when combined with statins.

Conclusions:

  • Selective thyromimetics are effective pharmacological tools for treating dyslipidemia, particularly for lowering LDL-C and Lp(a).
  • Their tissue-specific action and lack of cardiac side effects make them a promising therapeutic class.
  • Further long-term Phase III trials are required to confirm cardiovascular outcome benefits.