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Related Concept Videos

Gene Regulation in Microbial Communities: Quorum Sensing01:28

Gene Regulation in Microbial Communities: Quorum Sensing

Quorum sensing is a mechanism of bacterial communication that enables coordinated gene expression in response to changes in population density. This facilitates collective behaviors that enhance survival, resource acquisition, and ecological adaptation. This process relies on small signaling molecules called autoinducers that accumulate as bacterial populations grow. When a critical threshold concentration of autoinducers is reached, bacterial cells collectively modify gene expression,...
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Bacterial signaling can occur within bacteria (intracellular) or between bacteria (intercellular). At times, a group of bacteria behaves like a community. To achieve this, they engage in quorum sensing, the perception of higher cell density that causes changes in gene expression. Quorum sensing involves both extracellular and intracellular signaling. The signaling cascade starts with a molecule called an autoinducer (AI). Individual bacteria produce AIs that move out of the bacterial cell...
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Pathogenic bacteria employ a range of regulatory mechanisms to modulate the expression of virulence genes in response to environmental and host-derived signals. These mechanisms ensure that virulence factors are expressed only under favorable conditions, thereby optimizing infection and survival strategies.Mechanisms of Virulence RegulationKey regulatory strategies include:Two-Component Systems: These consist of a membrane-bound sensor kinase and a cytoplasmic response regulator. Environmental...
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Transcriptional attenuation occurs when RNA transcription is prematurely terminated due to the formation of a terminator mRNA hairpin structure.  Bacteria use these hairpins to regulate the transcription process and control the synthesis of several amino acids including histidine, lysine, threonine, and phenylalanine. Transcription attenuation takes place in the non-coding regions of mRNA.
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Related Experiment Video

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Anti-virulent Disruption of Pathogenic Biofilms using Engineered Quorum-quenching Lactonases
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Published on: January 1, 2016

A strategy for antagonizing quorum sensing.

Guozhou Chen1, Lee R Swem, Danielle L Swem

  • 1Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.

Molecular Cell
|April 21, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a novel strategy to inhibit bacterial quorum sensing by targeting LuxR-type receptors. This approach uses molecules that stabilize a closed receptor conformation, preventing DNA binding and potentially leading to new antibacterial therapies.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Drug Discovery

Background:

  • Bacteria use quorum sensing (QS) to coordinate group behaviors via autoinducer molecules.
  • QS regulates virulence factor expression in many pathogens, making it a target for antibacterial therapies.
  • LuxR-type receptors are key components of QS systems in numerous bacteria.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a strategy for inhibiting LuxR-type quorum-sensing receptors.
  • To identify molecules that antagonize the CviR receptor from Chromobacterium violaceum.
  • To understand the structural basis for quorum-sensing inhibition.

Main Methods:

  • Structure-function studies with natural and synthetic ligands.
  • Investigating the binding of antagonists to the CviR receptor.
  • Analyzing the conformational changes induced by ligand binding.

Main Results:

  • Identified potent antagonists for the dimeric LuxR-type transcription factor CviR.
  • Demonstrated that antagonists stabilize a closed receptor conformation.
  • Showed that this stabilization prevents DNA binding by holding DNA-binding domains apart.

Conclusions:

  • A novel strategy for inhibiting LuxR-type QS receptors was developed.
  • Stabilizing a closed receptor conformation is key to potent antagonism.
  • This approach may be applicable to inhibiting other multidomain proteins.