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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Light-driven Molecular Motors on Surfaces for Single Molecular Imaging

Light-driven Molecular Motors on Surfaces for Single Molecular Imaging

Published on: March 13, 2019

Directed long-range molecular migration energized by surface reaction.

K R Harikumar¹, John C Polanyi, Amir Zabet-Khosousi

¹Department of Chemistry and Institute for Optical Sciences, University of Toronto, 80 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada.

Nature Chemistry

|April 21, 2011

Summary

Surface reactions can propel molecules long distances across surfaces, enabling reactions far from the initial event. This study reveals novel long-range adsorbate migration via rolling motion on silicon surfaces.

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Area of Science:

Surface science
Physical chemistry
Materials science

Background:

Adsorbate recoil (desorption and reaction) is a known phenomenon.
Reactions typically occur at the site of adsorbate interaction.

Purpose of the Study:

To describe long-range adsorbate recoil in the plane of a surface.
To investigate novel surface reactions occurring at a distance from the originating event.

Main Methods:

Utilized scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) to observe surface reactions.
Performed ab initio calculations for halogenation and electron-induced reactions.

Main Results:

Observed thermal and electron-induced reactions propelling ethylenic products up to 200 Å across Si(100).
Recoil energy originates from thermal exoergicity or electronic excitation of alkenes.
Proposed a rolling motion mechanism for migration, enabling traversal of surface obstacles.
Electronic excitation induced directional recoil and end-to-end inversion, suggesting cartwheeling motion.

Conclusions:

Asymmetric surface forces induce molecular rotation and migration.
This work demonstrates a new mechanism for long-range molecular transport and reaction on surfaces.