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Effects of APOA5 S19W polymorphism on growth, insulin sensitivity and lipoproteins in normoweight neonates

Eva Gesteiro1, Sara Bastida, Miguel Vázquez-Velasco

  • 1Servicio de Análisis Clínicos, Hospital de Mérida, Polígono Nueva Ciudad s/n Mérida, Badajoz, Spain.

European Journal of Pediatrics
|April 21, 2011
PubMed

Insights

The APOA5 S19W polymorphism impacts neonatal growth and metabolism. W allele carriers show lower birth weight and altered insulin/lipoprotein profiles, suggesting suboptimal fetal nutrition and poorer antioxidant status.

Area of Science:

  • Genetics and Molecular Biology
  • Neonatal Metabolism and Endocrinology
  • Lipid Metabolism and Cardiovascular Health

Background:

  • Apolipoprotein A5 (ApoA5) is crucial for activating lipoprotein lipase (LPL), a key enzyme in triglyceride-rich lipoprotein metabolism.
  • Placental LPL activity influences fetal fat deposition and growth.
  • The APOA5 gene harbors common polymorphisms, such as S19W, which may affect metabolic processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between the APOA5 S19W polymorphism and neonatal anthropometry, lipoprotein levels, hormone concentrations, and insulin sensitivity.
  • To explore the impact of this polymorphism on fetal growth and neonatal metabolic parameters in a cohort of Caucasian newborns.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of the APOA5 S19W polymorphism in 58 normal-weight Caucasian newborns from the Mérida cohort.
  • Measurement of neonatal anthropometrical parameters (BMI, ponderal index, birth weight).
  • Assays for lipoprotein concentrations (Apo B, LDL), oxidized LDL (LDLox), insulin, cortisol, and calculation of HOMA-R and insulin/cortisol ratio.

Main Results:

  • Neonates with the W allele exhibited significantly lower BMI, ponderal index, and birth weight compared to S-homozygous newborns.
  • W allele carriers displayed lower insulin levels, insulin/cortisol ratio, HOMA-R, and Apo B values, but higher LDLox and LDLox/LDL ratio.
  • Maternal-neonatal S19W polymorphism concurrence was linked to impaired fetal growth but did not alter neonatal lipid profiles.

Conclusions:

  • The APOA5 S19W polymorphism is associated with altered fetal growth and metabolic regulation in neonates.
  • W allele carriers appear to have received suboptimal nutrition during gestation, evidenced by reduced body weight and altered metabolic markers.
  • Neonates carrying the W allele demonstrate an inferior lipoprotein antioxidant status compared to their S-homozygous counterparts.

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