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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells02:53

Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells

Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
Some of the advantages that cancer cells have on normal cells include - enhanced ability to divide without terminally differentiating, induce new blood vessel formation,...
Cancer02:18

Cancer

Cancers arise due to mutations in genes involved in the regulation of cell division, which leads to unrestricted cell proliferation. Modern science and medicine have made great strides in the understanding and treatment of cancer, including eradicating cancer in some patients. However, there is still no cure for cancer. This is largely due to the fact that cancer is a large group of many diseases.
Abnormal Proliferation02:23

Abnormal Proliferation

Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the daughter...
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:06

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
Somatic cells are...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Genome-Wide Analysis of DNA Methylation in Gastrointestinal Cancer
07:50

Genome-Wide Analysis of DNA Methylation in Gastrointestinal Cancer

Published on: September 18, 2020

DNA methylation changes in cancer.

Minoru Toyota1, Eiichiro Yamamoto

  • 1Department of Biochemistry, Sapporo Medical University, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Japan.

Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science
|April 22, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

DNA methylation and histone modifications silence tumor-suppressor genes in cancer. These epigenetic changes, driven by DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), affect various cancer pathways and can be reversed by DNMT inhibitors.

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Enhanced Reduced Representation Bisulfite Sequencing for Assessment of DNA Methylation at Base Pair Resolution
13:47

Enhanced Reduced Representation Bisulfite Sequencing for Assessment of DNA Methylation at Base Pair Resolution

Published on: February 24, 2015

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Genome-Wide Analysis of DNA Methylation in Gastrointestinal Cancer
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Enhanced Reduced Representation Bisulfite Sequencing for Assessment of DNA Methylation at Base Pair Resolution
13:47

Enhanced Reduced Representation Bisulfite Sequencing for Assessment of DNA Methylation at Base Pair Resolution

Published on: February 24, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Epigenetics and Cancer Biology

Background:

  • Epigenetic alterations, including DNA methylation and histone modifications (deacetylation, H3K9/K27 methylation), are crucial in the silencing of tumor-suppressor genes.
  • These epigenetic changes are implicated in various cancer hallmarks such as cell-cycle control, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and immune evasion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanisms driving DNA methylation changes in cancer.
  • To understand the role of DNA methylation in specific cancer subtypes, including those with the CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP).

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of DNA methylation patterns in cancer genomes.
  • Investigation of the involvement of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), inflammation, and viral infections in aberrant DNA methylation.
  • Examination of epigenetic modifications in cancers exhibiting the CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP).

Main Results:

  • Aberrant DNA methylation, influenced by DNMT activity, inflammation, and viral factors, silences critical tumor-suppressor genes.
  • Cancers with the CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) display distinct genetic alterations, including microsatellite instability and BRAF mutations.
  • Hypomethylation of repetitive elements contributes to chromosomal instability in cancer.

Conclusions:

  • DNA methylation is a key epigenetic mechanism driving cancer development and progression by affecting multiple gene functions.
  • The reversibility of DNA methylation offers therapeutic potential, as demonstrated by DNMT inhibitors' ability to restore gene expression.