Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Dosage Regimens: Partial Pharmacokinetic Parameters01:01

Dosage Regimens: Partial Pharmacokinetic Parameters

It is not uncommon for complete drug pharmacokinetic profiles to remain elusive in pharmacokinetics. This necessitates certain educated assumptions by pharmacokineticists to determine appropriate dosage regimens without comprehensive pharmacokinetic data from animal or human studies. One prevalent assumption is setting the bioavailability factor, denoted as F, to 1 or 100%. This assumption caters to the scenario where a drug doesn't achieve full systemic absorption, resulting in the patient...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution01:17

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution

Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight, compared...
Dosage Regimen: Individualization01:24

Dosage Regimen: Individualization

Individualization in dosing regimens is the customization of medication doses for individual patients. Its necessity arises from the goal of maximizing therapeutic benefits while minimizing risks. This approach is pivotal because human responses to drugs can vary widely; what is effective for one person may be inadequate or excessive for another. Interpatient (intersubject) variability refers to differences in drug responses between individuals, while intrapatient (intrasubject) variability...
Model-Independent Approaches for Pharmacokinetic Data: Noncompartmental Analysis00:59

Model-Independent Approaches for Pharmacokinetic Data: Noncompartmental Analysis

Noncompartmental analyses offer an alternative method for describing drug pharmacokinetics without relying on a specific compartmental model. In this approach, the drug's pharmacokinetics are assumed to be linear, with the terminal phase log-linear. This assumption allows for simplified analysis and interpretation of the drug's behavior in the body.
One important characteristic of noncompartmental analyses is that drug exposure increases proportionally with increasing doses. This relationship...
Dosage Regimens: Designs and Approaches01:28

Dosage Regimens: Designs and Approaches

Designing a dosage regimen, which refers to the manner of drug administration, is a complex process involving the selection of drug dose, route, and frequency. This process is underpinned by pharmacokinetic parameters derived from tests and population averages. These parameters are then tailored to patient-specific variables such as diagnosis, demographics, and allergy status. Once therapy commences, therapeutic response monitoring is critical and achieved through clinical and physical...
Volume of Distribution01:20

Volume of Distribution

The apparent volume of distribution (Vd) is a crucial pharmacokinetic parameter representing the hypothetical body fluid volume into which a drug disperses. It is calculated based on the total amount of drug in the body (estimated from the administered dose and bioavailability) divided by the plasma drug concentration. The total amount of drug in the body does not directly refer to the dose given but is derived by accounting for absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion processes.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Using reflection to evaluate student learning in ambulatory care IPPEs.

Currents in pharmacy teaching & learning·2018
Same author

Errors in the Administration Technique of Insulin Pen Devices: A Result of Insufficient Education.

Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders·2017
Same author

Evaluation of Adverse Drug Events and Medication Discrepancies in Transitions of Care Between Hospital Discharge and Primary Care Follow-Up.

Journal of pharmacy practice·2014
Same author

Assessing student pharmacists' ability to identify drug-related problems in patients within a patient-centered medical home.

American journal of pharmaceutical education·2014
Same author

English as a second language is a risk for an adverse drug event.

Journal of patient safety·2014
Same author

A pharmacist visit improves diabetes standards in a patient-centered medical home (PCMH).

American journal of medical quality : the official journal of the American College of Medical Quality·2012

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Pretargeted Radioimmunotherapy Based on the Inverse Electron Demand Diels-Alder Reaction
09:44

Pretargeted Radioimmunotherapy Based on the Inverse Electron Demand Diels-Alder Reaction

Published on: January 29, 2019

Part D resources for pharmacists.

Becky L Armor1

  • 1Department of Pharmacy, Clinical and Administrative Sciences, University of Oklahoma College of Pharmacy, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA. becky-armor@ouhsc.edu

Journal of Pharmacy Practice
|April 22, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Pharmacists encounter ongoing challenges accessing Medicare Part D medications for patients. This case study highlights the complexities within Medicare Part D that impede medication access.

Area of Science:

  • Health Policy
  • Pharmacy Practice
  • Geriatric Medicine

Background:

  • Medicare Part D, established over three years ago, aims to provide prescription drug coverage for seniors.
  • Despite its existence, significant barriers persist for pharmacists in ensuring patient access to essential medications.
  • Understanding these systemic challenges is crucial for improving healthcare delivery in the Medicare population.

Observation:

  • A specific patient case is presented to illustrate the practical difficulties encountered by pharmacists.
  • These challenges involve navigating the intricate rules and regulations of Medicare Part D plans.
  • The case highlights real-world obstacles in obtaining life-saving medications for Medicare beneficiaries.

Findings:

  • Pharmacists continue to face substantial administrative and logistical hurdles within Medicare Part D.

More Related Videos

Preparation and Characterization of Individual and Multi-drug Loaded Physically Entrapped Polymeric Micelles
07:32

Preparation and Characterization of Individual and Multi-drug Loaded Physically Entrapped Polymeric Micelles

Published on: August 28, 2015

Evaluation of Drug Sorption to PVC- and Non-PVC-based Tubes in Administration Sets Using a Pump
06:08

Evaluation of Drug Sorption to PVC- and Non-PVC-based Tubes in Administration Sets Using a Pump

Published on: March 11, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Pretargeted Radioimmunotherapy Based on the Inverse Electron Demand Diels-Alder Reaction
09:44

Pretargeted Radioimmunotherapy Based on the Inverse Electron Demand Diels-Alder Reaction

Published on: January 29, 2019

Preparation and Characterization of Individual and Multi-drug Loaded Physically Entrapped Polymeric Micelles
07:32

Preparation and Characterization of Individual and Multi-drug Loaded Physically Entrapped Polymeric Micelles

Published on: August 28, 2015

Evaluation of Drug Sorption to PVC- and Non-PVC-based Tubes in Administration Sets Using a Pump
06:08

Evaluation of Drug Sorption to PVC- and Non-PVC-based Tubes in Administration Sets Using a Pump

Published on: March 11, 2017

  • The complexity of the program creates delays and difficulties in medication fulfillment.
  • These barriers directly impact the timely delivery of critical therapies to elderly patients.
  • Implications:

    • Addressing the complexities of Medicare Part D is essential for equitable medication access.
    • Streamlining processes within Medicare Part D could significantly improve patient outcomes.
    • Further research and policy adjustments are needed to overcome existing barriers for pharmacists and patients.