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Related Concept Videos

Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction01:22

Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction

Introduction:Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) describes a swift decrease in kidney function occurring over hours to days, characterized by the kidneys' failure to remove waste products from the bloodstream. This leads to dangerous complications like metabolic acidosis, fluid overload, and electrolyte imbalances, such as hyperkalemia, which can cause life-threatening arrhythmias. AKI is common in both hospital and outpatient settings, often triggered by dehydration, sepsis, or exposure to nephrotoxic...
Acute Kidney Injury V: Interprofessional Care01:20

Acute Kidney Injury V: Interprofessional Care

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) requires a collaborative healthcare approach to restore renal function and prevent complications. Essential management strategies involve monitoring fluid and electrolyte balance, adjusting medications, initiating dialysis when necessary, and providing nutritional support.Fluid and Electrolyte ManagementFluid Monitoring: Regularly monitoring body weight, central venous pressure, and urine output helps detect fluid imbalances early. Patient intake and output are...
Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention01:30

Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention

Accurate diagnosis and effective prevention are critical in managing Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), which is linked to high mortality rates ranging from 10% to 80%. Timely recognition of at-risk patients and careful monitoring can significantly reduce the likelihood of kidney damage.Diagnostic Assessments:The diagnostic process starts with a comprehensive medical history to identify prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal causes.Prerenal causes, such as dehydration, hypotension, or blood loss, should...
Acute Kidney Injury VI: Nursing Management01:22

Acute Kidney Injury VI: Nursing Management

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) results in an inability to maintain fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance. Effective nursing management is critical in improving patient outcomes and includes comprehensive patient assessment and targeted interventions.Comprehensive Patient AssessmentA detailed history collection is essential, focusing on any recent infections, nephrotoxic medication use, or chronic conditions such as hypertension and diabetes that may contribute to AKI. During the physical...
Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology01:29

Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology

Acute kidney injury (AKI) causes are categorized into three primary categories based on the location of the injury: prerenal, intrarenal (or intrinsic), and postrenal causes. This classification guides clinical management and illustrates how different pathways can impair kidney function.Etiology and Pathophysiology of Acute Kidney Injury1. Prerenal causesEtiology: Prerenal Acute Kidney Injury, the most common type, occurs when reduced blood flow to the kidneys decreases filtration capacity...
Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations01:29

Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) progresses through distinct clinical phases: the oliguric, diuretic, and recovery phases, each marked by unique manifestations and challenges.Oliguric Phase:The oliguric phase is the initial stage of AKI, typically lasting 10 to 14 days. This phase is marked by a significant reduction in urine output, usually less than 400 mL per day, indicating decreased kidney function. Fluid retention is a prominent feature, leading to symptoms such as edema, hypertension, and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 2, 2026

A Large Animal Model for Acute Kidney Injury by Temporary Bilateral Renal Artery Occlusion
09:02

A Large Animal Model for Acute Kidney Injury by Temporary Bilateral Renal Artery Occlusion

Published on: February 2, 2021

Acute kidney insufficiency in the critically ill.

Michael L Bentley1

  • 1Department of Pharmacy Services, Carilion Clinic, Roanoke Memorial Hospital, Roanoke, VA 24014, USA. mlbentley@carilionclinic.org

Journal of Pharmacy Practice
|April 22, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common in critically ill patients. Early identification and understanding of causes, including drug-induced AKI, are crucial for better outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent complication in critically ill patients.
  • Even minor increases in serum creatinine (Scr) correlate with increased morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs.
  • Existing definitions like RIFLE have been refined to better capture outcomes associated with small Scr changes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the epidemiology and etiology of AKI.
  • To provide a mechanistic understanding of drug-induced AKI.
  • To briefly discuss continuous renal replacement therapies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on AKI definitions, epidemiology, etiology, and treatment.
  • Analysis of evidence supporting refined AKI classification systems (RIFLE, AKIN).

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Mouse Model of Acute to Chronic Kidney Disease Transition Induced by Renal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury
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Mouse Model of Acute to Chronic Kidney Disease Transition Induced by Renal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury

Published on: February 10, 2026

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 2, 2026

A Large Animal Model for Acute Kidney Injury by Temporary Bilateral Renal Artery Occlusion
09:02

A Large Animal Model for Acute Kidney Injury by Temporary Bilateral Renal Artery Occlusion

Published on: February 2, 2021

Mouse Model of Acute to Chronic Kidney Disease Transition Induced by Renal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury
07:02

Mouse Model of Acute to Chronic Kidney Disease Transition Induced by Renal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury

Published on: February 10, 2026

  • Review of mechanisms underlying drug-induced kidney injury.

    • Main Results:

    • The Acute Kidney Injury Network (AKIN) proposed a 3-stage classification for worsening kidney function based on Scr changes (≥0.3 mg/dL).
    • These definitions aid in identifying high-risk patients.
    • Drug-induced AKI is a significant etiological factor in critically ill patients.

    Conclusions:

    • Refined definitions of AKI are essential for risk stratification and the development of preventive strategies.
    • Understanding the mechanisms of drug-induced AKI is critical for clinical management.
    • Continuous renal replacement therapies are an important consideration in managing severe AKI.