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Related Concept Videos

The DNA Replication Fork01:02

The DNA Replication Fork

An organism’s genome needs to be duplicated in an efficient and error-free manner for its growth and survival. The replication fork is a Y-shaped active region where two strands of DNA are separated and replicated continuously. The coupling of DNA unzipping and complementary strand synthesis is a characteristic feature of a replication fork.   Organisms with small circular DNA, such as E. coli, often have a single origin of replication; therefore, they have only two replication forks, one in...
The DNA Replication Fork01:02

The DNA Replication Fork

An organism’s genome needs to be duplicated in an efficient and error-free manner for its growth and survival. The replication fork is a Y-shaped active region where two strands of DNA are separated and replicated continuously. The coupling of DNA unzipping and complementary strand synthesis is a characteristic feature of a replication fork.   Organisms with small circular DNA, such as E. coli, often have a single origin of replication; therefore, they have only two replication forks, one in...
Replication in Eukaryotes01:29

Replication in Eukaryotes

In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
Many Proteins Orchestrate Replication at the Origin
Eukaryotic replication follows many of the same...
Replication in Eukaryotes02:31

Replication in Eukaryotes

Overview
Replication in Eukaryotes02:31

Replication in Eukaryotes

Overview
Replication in Eukaryotes01:29

Replication in Eukaryotes

In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
Many Proteins Orchestrate Replication at the Origin
Eukaryotic replication follows many of the same...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Strand-Specific Analysis of Proteins at Replicating DNA Strands by Enrichment and Sequencing of Protein-Associated Nascent DNA Method
08:53

Strand-Specific Analysis of Proteins at Replicating DNA Strands by Enrichment and Sequencing of Protein-Associated Nascent DNA Method

Published on: May 2, 2025

Initiation of DNA replication: functional and evolutionary aspects.

John A Bryant1, Stephen J Aves

  • 1Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hatherly Laboratories, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK. j.a.bryant@exeter.ac.uk

Annals of Botany
|April 22, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

DNA replication initiation is crucial for cell division across eukaryotes. Essential molecular events, regulatory mechanisms, and evolutionary origins are compared, revealing conserved and divergent pathways from archaeal ancestors.

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Last Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Strand-Specific Analysis of Proteins at Replicating DNA Strands by Enrichment and Sequencing of Protein-Associated Nascent DNA Method
08:53

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Published on: May 2, 2025

Visualization of DNA Replication in the Vertebrate Model System DT40 using the DNA Fiber Technique
07:18

Visualization of DNA Replication in the Vertebrate Model System DT40 using the DNA Fiber Technique

Published on: October 27, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • DNA replication initiation is a highly regulated, essential process in the cell division cycle.
  • Comparing eukaryotic organisms aids in identifying conserved molecular events and group-specific regulatory mechanisms.
  • Understanding initiation mechanisms provides insights into their evolutionary history.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify conserved molecular events in DNA replication initiation across eukaryotes.
  • To explore higher-level regulatory mechanisms specific to different eukaryotic groups.
  • To investigate the evolutionary origins of DNA replication initiation mechanisms and proteins.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature survey on DNA replication initiation.
  • Analysis of replication origins, origin recognition and usage, and pre-replication complex assembly.
  • Examination of replisome loading, genomics, and evolutionary links to Archaea.

Main Results:

  • Eukaryotic chromatin is organized into replicons, each initiated at an origin.
  • Replication origins are generally AT-rich with bent DNA, not specific sequences (except in budding yeast).
  • Initiation proteins are conserved across eukaryotes but may be modified by plant-specific mechanisms, like hormone regulation.

Conclusions:

  • Eukaryotic DNA replication initiation involves conserved proteins, with origins characterized by AT-rich, bent DNA.
  • Plant-specific mechanisms, including hormone regulation, modify initiation activity.
  • Eukaryotic initiation proteins likely evolved from simpler archaeal counterparts through gene duplication and divergence, evidenced by simpler homo-complexes in Archaea versus hetero-complexes in eukaryotes.