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Introduction to Functional Groups

Introduction to Functional Groups

Functional groups are group of atoms with specific chemical properties that occur within organic molecules and sometimes denoted as “R”. Functional groups are found along the carbon backbone of macromolecules can form chains or rings of carbon atoms. Functional groups can “functionalize” a compound by enabling it to adopt different physical and chemical properties.
Types of common functional groups
The table below summarizes some of the major functional groups in organic chemistry. (The...

Overview of Advanced Functional Groups

Overview of Advanced Functional Groups

Functional groups are groups of atoms with specific chemical properties that occur within organic molecules and are sometimes denoted as “R”. Functional groups can “functionalize” a compound by enabling it to adopt different physical and chemical properties.
Types of Advanced Functional Groups
The table below summarizes some of the major functional groups in organic chemistry.

Protecting Groups for Aldehydes and Ketones: Introduction

Protecting Groups for Aldehydes and Ketones: Introduction

Protecting groups are compounds that can bind to a specific functional group in the presence of other functional groups to protect them from undesired chemical reactions. These compounds can selectively bind to particular functional groups and advance chemoselective reactions in polyfunctional systems (Figure 1). After the functional group has served its purpose, it is removed by reacting it with specific compounds.

Overview of Functional Groups

Overview of Functional Groups

Functional groups are a group of atoms with characteristic properties, which when linked to the carbon skeleton of a molecule, alter the properties of that molecule. For example, certain functional groups will make a molecule hydrophilic, whereas others will make them hydrophobic. These functional groups are an indispensable part of organic chemistry and important components of biological molecules, such as carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Each functional group is a unique...

Functional Groups

Functional Groups

Functional groups are a group of atoms with characteristic properties, which when linked to the carbon skeleton of a molecule, alter the properties of that molecule. For example, the presence of certain functional groups on a molecule will make them hydrophilic, whereas others will make them hydrophobic. These functional groups are an indispensable part of organic chemistry and important components of biological molecules, such as carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Each...

Functional Groups

Functional Groups

Functional groups are a group of atoms with characteristic properties, which when linked to the carbon skeleton of a molecule, alter the properties of that molecule. For example, the presence of certain functional groups on a molecule will make them hydrophilic, whereas others will make them hydrophobic. These functional groups are an indispensable part of organic chemistry and important components of biological molecules, such as carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Each...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Development and Functionalization of Electrolyte-Gated Graphene Field-Effect Transistor for Biomarker Detection

Development and Functionalization of Electrolyte-Gated Graphene Field-Effect Transistor for Biomarker Detection

Published on: February 1, 2022

Properties of graphene inks stabilized by different functional groups.

Di Wei¹, Hongwei Li, Dongxue Han

¹Nokia Research Centre, Cambridge, UK. di.wei@nokia.com

|April 22, 2011

Summary

This study explores graphene inks functionalized with various groups, revealing how modifications impact surface tension and adhesion. Understanding these properties is key for developing advanced printable electronics and graphene-based applications.

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Nanotechnology
Surface Chemistry

Background:

Graphene inks are crucial for printable electronics.
Controlling graphene ink properties is essential for device fabrication.
Previous research has not comprehensively studied surface properties influenced by diverse functional groups.

Purpose of the Study:

To synthesize and characterize graphene inks stabilized by various functional groups.
To investigate the influence of these functional groups on ink surface tension and adhesion.
To establish a structure-property relationship for graphene ink formulations.

Main Methods:

Chemical synthesis of graphene dispersions.
Stabilization using room temperature ionic liquid, polyaniline, polyelectrolyte, and poly(styrenesulfonate) (PSS).
Surface property analysis using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM).

Main Results:

Graphene inks exhibited varied physiochemical properties, including surface tension and adhesion.
Graphene modified with p-type polyaniline showed the highest surface tension.
Diverse surface adhesive properties were observed, linked to functional group chemistry and molecular dimensions.

Conclusions:

Functionalization significantly alters graphene ink surface properties like tension and adhesion.
The established property-structure relationship aids in designing graphene inks for specific applications.
These findings support cost-effective processing for printable electronics and novel graphene self-assembly techniques.