Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

In Vitro Fertilization

In Vitro Fertilization

In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a form of assisted reproductive technology where an egg is fertilized with sperm in a controlled laboratory environment before transferring the resulting embryo into the uterus. This process is designed to help individuals and couples experiencing difficulties conceiving.
The IVF process begins with ovarian stimulation, during which reproductive endocrinologists prescribe hormonal medications to stimulate the ovaries to produce multiple eggs instead of the single...

Meiosis II

Meiosis II

Meiosis II is the second and final stage of meiosis. It relies on the haploid cells produced during meiosis I, each of which contain only 23 chromosomes—one from each homologous initial pair. Importantly, each chromosome in these cells is composed of two joined copies, and when these cells enter meiosis II, the goal is to separate such sister chromatids using the same microtubule-based network employed in other division processes. The result of meiosis II is two haploid cells, each containing...

Infertility in Females

Infertility in Females

Female infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after a year of regular, unprotected intercourse and affects about 10–15% of couples worldwide. The primary cause of female infertility is ovulatory disorders, which hinder the release of eggs. These disorders can be classified as hypothalamic amenorrhea, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), premature ovarian failure, and hyperprolactinemic anovulation disorders.
Endometriosis, a condition characterized by abnormal growth of endometrial...

Ovarian Cycle

Ovarian Cycle

The menstrual cycle includes a critical component known as the ovarian cycle, which undergoes two main phases each month—the follicular phase and the luteal phase. The follicular phase is variable and averaging around 14 days. Ovulation, triggered by a surge in luteinizing hormone (LH), marks the transition between the two phases. The second phase, the luteal phase, is relatively consistent, lasting approximately 14 days, and is marked by the activity of the corpus luteum. While a cycle length...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Clinical outcomes following ICSI cycles using surgically recovered sperm and the impact of maternal age: 2004-2015 SART CORS registry.

Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics·2018

Same author

ICSI outcomes in men undergoing TESE for azoospermia and impact of maternal age.

Andrologia·2016

Same author

Transcriptome of early embryonic invasion at implantation sites in a murine model.

Reproduction, fertility, and development·2015

Same author

Reproductive efficiency of human oocytes fertilized in vitro.

Facts, views & vision in ObGyn·2014

Same author

Poor responders in in vitro fertilization (IVF) therapy: the challenge continues.

Facts, views & vision in ObGyn·2014

Same author

Milk fat globule epidermal growth factor 8 (MFG-E8): a novel protein in the mammalian endometrium with putative roles in implantation and placentation.

Placenta·2012

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 2, 2026

OP-IVM: Combining In vitro Maturation after Oocyte Retrieval with Gynecological Surgery

OP-IVM: Combining In vitro Maturation after Oocyte Retrieval with Gynecological Surgery

Published on: May 9, 2021

Ovulation induction in IVF.

¹Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jones Institute for Reproductive Medicine Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia 235074, USA. OehninSC@EVMS.edu

Minerva Ginecologica

|April 22, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Optimizing controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) in assisted reproductive technology (ART) requires individualized protocols. Tailoring treatments based on ovarian response is crucial for improving outcomes in IVF cycles.

More Related Videos

Fertility Preservation in Patients with Severe Ovarian Dysfunction

Fertility Preservation in Patients with Severe Ovarian Dysfunction

Published on: March 25, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 2, 2026

OP-IVM: Combining In vitro Maturation after Oocyte Retrieval with Gynecological Surgery

OP-IVM: Combining In vitro Maturation after Oocyte Retrieval with Gynecological Surgery

Published on: May 9, 2021

Fertility Preservation in Patients with Severe Ovarian Dysfunction

Fertility Preservation in Patients with Severe Ovarian Dysfunction

Published on: March 25, 2021

Area of Science:

Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility
Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART)
Ovarian Stimulation Protocols

Background:

Current controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) protocols in ART face ongoing debates regarding gonadotropin preparations, adjuvant therapies (GnRH analogues), and oral contraceptive pretreatment.
Patient response to COH varies significantly, necessitating differentiated strategies for intermediate, high, and low/poor responders.

Purpose of the Study:

To review and analyze current controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) protocols employed in assisted reproductive technology (ART).
To discuss controversies and provide insights into optimizing COH strategies for diverse patient populations.

Main Methods:

Comprehensive literature review of existing controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) protocols in assisted reproductive technology (ART).
Analysis of gonadotropin preparations, GnRH analogue use (agonists vs. antagonists), and oral contraceptive pretreatment.
Evaluation of outcomes based on patient response categories: intermediate, high, and low/poor responders.

Main Results:

Intermediate responders achieve excellent outcomes with either GnRH agonist or antagonist adjuvant therapy, emphasizing the need for tailored gonadotropin selection and dosage.
High responders benefit from gentler stimulation regimens to minimize the risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome.
Low/poor responders continue to show suboptimal outcomes in ovarian response and oocyte/embryo quality despite various interventions.

Conclusions:

Ovarian stimulation is a pivotal component of successful IVF therapy.
Individualized COH management, informed by prospective ovarian reserve assessment, is essential for optimizing ART outcomes.
Understanding the pathophysiology of poor ovarian response remains a significant challenge in reproductive endocrinology.