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Related Concept Videos

Vertebral Column: Regions and Curvature01:16

Vertebral Column: Regions and Curvature

The vertebral column or spine is a flexible column that supports the head, neck, and body and  allows for their movements. It also protects the spinal cord.
Regions of the Vertebral Column
In an adult, the spine is subdivided into five regions: the cervical, the thoracic, the lumbar, the sacral, and the coccygeal region. The spine initially develops as a series of 33 vertebrae; after 20 years of age, the nine bones in the sacral region, five sacral, and four coccygeal bones fuse to form the...
Variation: Normal Distribution, Range, and Standard Deviation02:32

Variation: Normal Distribution, Range, and Standard Deviation

In the field of psychology, there are several ways to organize measurements of a trait, feature, or characteristic (i.e., variables). Qualitative data, such as ethnicity, can be tabulated into a frequency count to provide information about the proportion, as well as the variety of groups in a sample or population. On the other hand, researchers can perform a wider set of calculations on quantitative data. The mean, mode, and median, for instance, are central tendency measures to identify a...
Vertical Curve: Problem Solving01:23

Vertical Curve: Problem Solving

Vertical curves provide the transition between two roadway grades, ensuring safety, comfort, and functionality. Calculating elevations at specific stations along the curve involves several systematic steps based on the curve's geometry and provided design parameters.The vertical curve is defined by its length, grades, Point of Vertical Intersection (P.V.I.) location, and P.V.I. elevation. The stations of the Point of Vertical Curvature (P.V.C.), where the curve begins, and the Point of Vertical...
Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age01:09

Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age

The upper and lower limb initially develops as a small bulge called a limb bud, which appears on the lateral side of the early embryo. The upper limb bud appears near the end of the fourth week of development, with the lower limb bud appearing shortly after.
Initially, the limb buds consist of a core of mesenchyme covered by a layer of ectoderm. The ectoderm at the end of the limb bud thickens to form a narrow crest called the apical ectodermal ridge. This ridge stimulates the underlying...
Articulations of the Vertebral Column01:28

Articulations of the Vertebral Column

In addition to being held together by the intervertebral discs, adjacent vertebrae also articulate with each other at synovial joints formed between the superior and inferior articular processes called zygapophysial joints (facet joints). These are plane joints that provide for only limited motions between the vertebrae. The orientation of the articular processes at these joints varies in different regions of the vertebral column and serves to determine the types of motions available in each...
Muscles of the Vertebral Column01:27

Muscles of the Vertebral Column

The back muscles that lie deep into the thoracolumbar fascia are called intrinsic or true back muscles. These muscles are divided into four layers: superficial, intermediate, deep, and deepest layers.
Superficial Layer:
The superficial layer consists primarily of the splenius muscles, which include the splenius capitis and splenius cervicis. These muscles are mainly responsible for the head and cervical spine movements, including extension, rotation, and lateral bending. The splenius capitis...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Evaluation of Patients' Posture and Gait Profile After Lumbar Fusion Surgery by Video Rasterstereography and Treadmill Gait Analysis
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Published on: March 23, 2019

Changes in Vertebral Column Height (VCH) at Different Distance Intervals During a 3-Mile Walk.

J R Roush, M Kee, J Toeppe

    North American Journal of Sports Physical Therapy : NAJSPT
    |April 22, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary

    Walking 3 miles causes vertebral column height (VCH) to decrease in both males and females. This spinal shrinkage follows a curvilinear pattern, with the most significant changes occurring within the first 1.5 miles of the walk.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biomechanics
    • Human Physiology
    • Exercise Science

    Background:

    • Vertebral column height (VCH) can be affected by physical activity.
    • Understanding VCH changes during walking is important for assessing spinal loading and fatigue.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To quantify changes in vertebral column height (VCH) in males and females during a 3-mile walk.
    • To analyze VCH changes at 0.5-mile intervals throughout the walking distance.

    Main Methods:

    • Twenty males and twenty females (21-40 years) walked 3 miles on a treadmill at a self-rated exertion of 12-14.
    • Vertebral column height (VCH) was measured from C7 to S2 at baseline and every 0.5 miles.
    • Blood pressure and heart rate were also monitored throughout the study.

    Main Results:

    • Significant differences in VCH were observed between sexes and at different walking distances (p < .05).
    • VCH decreased significantly between 0.5-1.0 miles and 1.0-1.5 miles.
    • A curvilinear relationship was found between walking distance and VCH, with height decreasing over the 3 miles.

    Conclusions:

    • Vertebral column height (VCH) decreases progressively during a 3-mile walk in both males and females.
    • The reduction in VCH follows a curvilinear pattern, indicating a non-linear decrease in spinal length with increased walking distance.