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Solid–Solid Solutions

Solid–Solid Solutions

The temperature-composition phase diagram of two solids, A and B, which are immiscible in the solid phase but form miscible liquids, shows that when the temperature is low, these two exist as separate, pure solids (A and B). As the temperature increases, they transition into a single-phase liquid solution where A and B coexist. Moving from point a1 to a2 in the phase diagram, the composition changes such that solid B begins to separate from the solution, enriching the remaining liquid with A.

Molecular and Ionic Solids

Molecular and Ionic Solids

Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...

Network Covalent Solids

Network Covalent Solids

Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
To break or to melt a covalent network solid, covalent bonds must be broken. Because covalent bonds are relatively strong, covalent network solids are typically...

Structures of Solids

Structures of Solids

Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...

Metallic Solids

Metallic Solids

Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability. Many...

Liquid–Solid Solutions

Liquid–Solid Solutions

The process of a solid dissolving in a liquid to form a solution is governed by the solubility limit, which is the maximum amount of the solid substance, or solute, that can be dissolved in a specific volume of the liquid or solvent. As the solute dissolves, it reaches a point where no more solute can be dissolved at a given temperature - this is known as the saturation point. However, if further solute is added and it manages to dissolve, the solution becomes supersaturated. Supersaturated...

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Updated: Jun 2, 2026

In Vitro Scratch Assay to Demonstrate Effects of Arsenic on Skin Cell Migration

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Published on: February 23, 2019

[Solid as a rock].

B Hofauer¹, T Strenger, A Knopf

¹Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675, München, Deutschland.

|April 22, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

A mature teratoma, a rare benign tumor, was surgically removed from a patient's neck. Histology confirmed the diagnosis after imaging failed to identify the mass.

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Area of Science:

Head and Neck Surgery
Surgical Pathology
Oncology

Background:

Teratomas are germ cell tumors that can occur in various body locations.
Submandibular masses require thorough diagnostic evaluation.
Delayed diagnosis of benign tumors can lead to complications.

Observation:

A 42-year-old patient presented with a 7-year history of a slowly enlarging right submandibular mass.
The mass showed accelerated growth in the 6 months preceding presentation.
Physical examination and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were inconclusive regarding the tumor's nature.

Findings:

Surgical resection of the submandibular mass was performed.
Histological examination of the surgical specimen confirmed a mature teratoma.
Mature teratomas are typically benign and composed of multiple germ cell layers.

Implications:

This case highlights the importance of surgical intervention for persistent or growing neck masses, even when imaging is inconclusive.
Accurate histological diagnosis is crucial for appropriate management of submandibular tumors.
Early detection and treatment of teratomas can prevent potential complications associated with tumor growth.