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Related Concept Videos

Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver. The...
Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction01:28

Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction

Viral hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver caused by infection with hepatotropic viruses, most commonly hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Despite variations in structure and transmission, all viruses mentioned infect hepatocytes and provoke immune responses that can hinder liver function. Additionally, some non-hepatotropic viruses can also lead to hepatic inflammation.Hepatitis A VirusHepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted through the fecal–oral route, typically by ingestion of food...
Yellow Fever01:18

Yellow Fever

Yellow fever is a viral hemorrhagic disease caused by the yellow fever virus (YFV), a member of the Flaviviridae family. It is transmitted primarily by Aedes and Haemagogus mosquitoes in tropical and subtropical regions of Africa and South America. After transmission through a mosquito bite, the virus initially replicates in skin-resident immune cells such as dendritic cells and macrophages. These cells then migrate to the lymph nodes, where viral replication increases, eventually leading to...
Viruses with RNA Genomes01:29

Viruses with RNA Genomes

RNA viruses are categorized into positive-strand, negative-strand, or double-stranded groups based on their genomic structure and replication mechanisms. This classification dictates how they exploit host cellular machinery for protein synthesis and replication. Some RNA viruses also utilize reverse transcription as part of their life cycle, further diversifying their replication strategies.Positive-Strand RNA VirusesPositive-strand RNA viruses have genomes that function directly as messenger...
Herpes01:28

Herpes

Herpes simplex type 1 (HSV‑1) is a widespread pathogen responsible for orolabial lesions. It is an enveloped, double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) virus belonging to the family Herpesviridae. Once the virus infects a host cell, its double‑stranded DNA genome is delivered into the nucleus, where a coordinated cascade of immediate‑early, early, and late gene expression directs viral DNA replication, structural protein synthesis, and virion assembly. After primary infection of epithelial cells, HSV-1...
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Subviral Agents

Subviral agents are infectious entities that resemble viruses but lack one or more viral components, such as a capsid or essential replication machinery. These agents include viroids, prions, and satellites, each possessing distinct structural and functional characteristics that influence their mode of infection and replication.Viroids are the simplest subviral agents, consisting of circular, single-stranded RNA molecules without a protein coat. They exclusively infect plants, relying entirely...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 2, 2026

A Cell Culture Model for Producing High Titer Hepatitis E Virus Stocks
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A Cell Culture Model for Producing High Titer Hepatitis E Virus Stocks

Published on: June 26, 2020

Hepatitis delta virus.

Sarah A Hughes1, Heiner Wedemeyer, Phillip M Harrison

  • 1Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, London, UK.

Lancet (London, England)
|April 23, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hepatitis delta virus (HDV), which requires hepatitis B virus (HBV) for infection, causes severe liver disease. Current treatments like pegylated interferon alfa show poor response rates, highlighting the need for new therapeutic targets.

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Lipid Droplet Isolation for Quantitative Mass Spectrometry Analysis

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Hepatology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is a defective RNA virus co-infecting over 15 million individuals with hepatitis B virus (HBV).
  • HDV exhibits eight genotypes with distinct geographical distributions and pathogenicity.
  • HDV infection leads to severe liver disease, rapid cirrhosis, and hepatic decompensation, despite suppressing HBV replication.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the clinical significance and molecular virology of HDV.
  • To discuss the challenges in HDV treatment and the need for novel therapeutic strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on HDV.
  • Analysis of HDV epidemiology, clinical presentation, and treatment outcomes.

Main Results:

  • HDV co-infection significantly worsens liver disease prognosis.
  • Prevalence patterns are shifting due to immigration, with increases noted in Europe.
  • Current treatment with pegylated interferon alfa yields poor response rates.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding HDV molecular virology is crucial for developing effective therapies.
  • HDV represents a severe form of chronic viral hepatitis requiring urgent therapeutic innovation.