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Related Concept Videos

Teratogenicity01:07

Teratogenicity

The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 2, 2026

A Preterm Rat Model for Pain Studies
01:37

A Preterm Rat Model for Pain Studies

Published on: February 9, 2024

[Fetal pain: immediate and long term consequences].

Véronique Houfflin Debarge1, Isabelle Dutriez, Benoit Pusniak

  • 1Pô1e d'Obstétrique, Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre, CHRU de Lille 59037 Lille. veronique.debarge@gmail.com

Bulletin De L'Academie Nationale De Medecine
|April 26, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Fetal pain pathways are functional early in development. Studies show fetal pain can cause immediate physiological responses and long-term changes in stress response and behavior.

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Instrumentation of Near-term Fetal Sheep for Multivariate Chronic Non-anesthetized Recordings
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Last Updated: Jun 2, 2026

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Instrumentation of Near-term Fetal Sheep for Multivariate Chronic Non-anesthetized Recordings
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Instrumentation of Near-term Fetal Sheep for Multivariate Chronic Non-anesthetized Recordings

Published on: October 25, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Fetal Physiology
  • Neuroscience

Context:

  • Fetal pain perception is a complex issue, with nociceptive pathways functional by 26 weeks gestation.
  • Situations like congenital malformations and invasive procedures may cause fetal pain.
  • Assessing the fetal experience of pain is challenging, but its consequences are critical.

Purpose:

  • To review the evidence regarding fetal pain.
  • To highlight the physiological and behavioral consequences of fetal nociceptive stimulation.
  • To emphasize the importance of considering fetal pain in clinical practice.

Summary:

  • Fetal nociceptive pathways are functional early in gestation.
  • Hemodynamic and hormonal responses to fetal nociceptive stimulation occur as early as the second trimester.
  • Experimental studies demonstrate long-term alterations in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, pain sensitivity, and behavior following perinatal nociceptive insults.

Impact:

  • Understanding fetal pain responses is crucial for optimizing neonatal outcomes.
  • This knowledge can inform clinical guidelines for managing painful procedures in fetuses.
  • Highlights the need for further research into fetal pain management and its long-term implications.