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Vaccinations

Vaccinations

Vaccines

Vaccines

Vaccines are among the most effective tools in preventive medicine, designed to prepare the immune system to recognize and combat infectious agents. By introducing antigens—substances that the immune system identifies as foreign—vaccines stimulate an adaptive immune response that leads to immunological memory. This immunological memory enables the body to mount a faster and more effective response upon future exposures to the actual pathogen.Vaccines can be categorized based on the type of...

Vaccine Production

Vaccine Production

Vaccine production involves a sequence of upstream and downstream processes to generate a safe and effective immunological product. It begins with cultivating microorganisms, such as viruses or bacteria, to obtain antigenic material. For viral vaccines, mammalian host cells are grown in bioreactors and subsequently infected with the target virus. The virus replicates within the host cells, which are lysed to release viral particles. This lysate is then clarified through filtration or...

Yellow Fever

Yellow Fever

Yellow fever is a viral hemorrhagic disease caused by the yellow fever virus (YFV), a member of the Flaviviridae family. It is transmitted primarily by Aedes and Haemagogus mosquitoes in tropical and subtropical regions of Africa and South America. After transmission through a mosquito bite, the virus initially replicates in skin-resident immune cells such as dendritic cells and macrophages. These cells then migrate to the lymph nodes, where viral replication increases, eventually leading to...

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.

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Updated: Jun 2, 2026

A Murine Model of Dengue Virus-induced Acute Viral Encephalitis-like Disease

A Murine Model of Dengue Virus-induced Acute Viral Encephalitis-like Disease

Published on: April 28, 2019

Dengue vaccines: progress and challenges.

Beth-Ann G Coller¹, David E Clements

¹Vaccines Research, WP17-2131, Merck and Company, 770 Sumneytown Pike, P.O. Box 4, West Point, PA 19486, United States. beth-ann.coller@merck.com

Current Opinion in Immunology

|April 26, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Several dengue vaccine candidates are advancing, offering hope for disease control. Ongoing trials are evaluating immune responses to understand protection and severe dengue, likely yielding crucial insights.

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A Murine Model of Dengue Virus-induced Acute Viral Encephalitis-like Disease

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Portable Paper-Based Immunoassay Combined with Smartphone Application for Colorimetric and Quantitative Detection of Dengue NS1 Antigen

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Published on: January 26, 2024

Area of Science:

* Tropical medicine and infectious diseases research.
* Vaccinology and immunology studies.

Background:

* Dengue fever poses a significant global health challenge, necessitating effective control strategies.
* Decades of research have led to promising dengue vaccine candidates.
* Understanding protective immunity and factors influencing disease severity remains critical.

Purpose of the Study:

* To assess the progress of dengue vaccine candidates in clinical trials.
* To evaluate immune responses in the context of protection against dengue.
* To investigate factors contributing to dengue disease severity.

Main Methods:

* Review of ongoing clinical trials for dengue vaccine candidates.
* Analysis of prospective studies in dengue-endemic regions.
* Evaluation of immune responses in relation to protection and disease severity.

Main Results:

* Multiple dengue vaccine candidates show promise, nearing feasibility for disease control.
* Ongoing efficacy trials are actively assessing immune responses.
* Studies are expected to provide valuable data on protective mechanisms and disease severity factors.

Conclusions:

* The development of dengue vaccines is a significant milestone in combating the disease.
* Further research and clinical trials are essential for understanding vaccine efficacy and disease dynamics.
* Insights from ongoing studies will be crucial for future dengue prevention and management strategies.