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Related Concept Videos

Cushing Syndrome II: Pathophysiology01:19

Cushing Syndrome II: Pathophysiology

Cortisol production is normally governed by the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, which maintains hormonal balance through tightly regulated feedback mechanisms. Disruption of this regulatory system is central to the development of Cushing syndrome, whether the excess cortisol originates from external medications or internal pathology. Persistent cortisol elevation alters metabolism, immune function, and endocrine signaling, producing the characteristic clinical features of the...
Cushing Syndrome I: Introduction01:26

Cushing Syndrome I: Introduction

Cushing syndrome refers to the collection of clinical manifestations that arise when tissues are exposed to excessive amounts of cortisol or cortisol-like medications over an extended period. Cortisol, a glucocorticoid produced by the adrenal cortex, regulates metabolism, immune responses, and the body’s adaptation to stress. When its concentration remains chronically elevated, these physiological pathways become dysregulated, resulting in the characteristic features of the syndrome.Exogenous...
Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction01:24

Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction

Nephrotic Syndrome is a chronic kidney disorder defined by clinical findings such as severe proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. These symptoms result from damage to the glomeruli, the kidney’s filtering units, increasing their permeability to proteins.Definition and Meaning:Proteinuria, defined as the loss of more than 3.5 grams of protein per day in adults, is a crucial feature of nephrotic syndrome. This condition is often accompanied by edema, the accumulation of fluid...
Acute Coronary Syndrome II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:19

Acute Coronary Syndrome II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

The pathophysiology of Acute Coronary Syndrome [ACD] involves several key processes:The main underlying cause of ACD is atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the buildup of lipid-laden plaques within the coronary arteries.As the atherosclerotic plaque grows in the coronary artery, it may become unstable due to the formation of a lipid-rich core and a thin fibrous cap. Inflammatory cells within the plaque, such as macrophages, secrete enzymes that degrade the...
Acute Coronary Syndrome I: Introduction01:30

Acute Coronary Syndrome I: Introduction

Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) encompasses a spectrum of heart conditions caused by sudden obstruction of coronary arteries, typically resulting from the rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque and subsequent thrombus (blood clot) formation. This obstruction can lead to partial or complete blockage of blood flow, causing varying degrees of myocardial ischemia or infarction.ACS includes the following clinical entities:Unstable Angina (UA)Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI)ST-Elevation...
Nephrotic Syndrome II : Assessment and Medical Management01:26

Nephrotic Syndrome II : Assessment and Medical Management

IntroductionNephrotic syndrome is a kidney disorder marked by excessive protein loss in the urine, leading to various systemic complications. This condition often results from damage to the glomeruli—the kidney's filtering units—causing proteinuria, low blood protein levels, and fluid retention. Understanding the assessment, diagnosis, and management of nephrotic syndrome is essential for effective treatment and prevention of further kidney damage.AssessmentPatient History: Document any history...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Ultrasonographic Evaluation of Salivary Glands for Sjogren's Syndrome: Diagnostic and Monitoring Insights
07:25

Ultrasonographic Evaluation of Salivary Glands for Sjogren's Syndrome: Diagnostic and Monitoring Insights

Published on: October 13, 2023

Susac's syndrome: an update.

Mario García-Carrasco1, César Jiménez-Hernández, Mario Jiménez-Hernández

  • 1Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Research Unit, HGR 36, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla, Mexico.

Autoimmunity Reviews
|April 26, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Susac's syndrome is a rare neurological condition affecting the brain, eyes, and ears. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent permanent disability from this immune-mediated disorder.

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Ultrasonographic Evaluation of Salivary Glands for Sjogren's Syndrome: Diagnostic and Monitoring Insights
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Published on: January 22, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Immunology
  • Ophthalmology

Background:

  • Susac's syndrome is a rare neurological disorder.
  • It presents with a triad of encephalopathy, hearing loss, and retinal artery occlusions.
  • The exact pathophysiology is unclear but is thought to be immune-mediated endotheliopathy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the key features of Susac's syndrome.
  • To emphasize the importance of early diagnosis and treatment.
  • To highlight the potential for preventing permanent disability.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of Susac's syndrome.
  • Analysis of clinical presentation and pathophysiology.
  • Discussion of diagnostic and therapeutic implications.

Main Results:

  • Susac's syndrome involves the brain's microvasculature, retina, and inner ear.
  • It is characterized by encephalopathy, hearing loss, and branch retinal artery occlusions.
  • Immune-mediated endotheliopathy is the suspected cause.

Conclusions:

  • Early diagnosis of Susac's syndrome is critical.
  • Prompt treatment can halt disease progression.
  • Intervention can prevent long-term neurological and sensory deficits.