Model systems for the study of human norovirus Biology

The relative contribution of norovirus to disease burden on society has only recently been established and they are now established as a major cause of gastroenteritis in the developed world. However, despite the medical relevance of these viruses, an efficient in vitro cell culture system for human noroviruses has yet to be developed. As a result, much of our knowledge on the basic mechanisms of norovirus biology has come from studies using other members of the Caliciviridae family of small positive stranded RNA viruses. Here we aim to summarise the recent advances in the field, highlighting how model systems have played a key role in increasing our knowledge of this prevalent pathogen.