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Related Concept Videos

Magnetic Fields01:27

Magnetic Fields

A moving charge or a current creates a magnetic field in the surrounding space, in addition to its electric field. The magnetic field exerts a force on any other moving charge or current that is present in the field. Like an electric field, the magnetic field is also a vector field. At any position, the direction of the magnetic field is defined as the direction in which the north pole of a compass needle points.
A magnetic field is defined by the force that a charged particle experiences...
Spermatogenesis01:41

Spermatogenesis

Spermatogenesis is the process by which haploid sperm cells are produced in the male testes. It starts with stem cells located close to the outer rim of seminiferous tubules. These spermatogonial stem cells divide asymmetrically to give rise to additional stem cells (meaning that these structures “self-renew”), as well as sperm progenitors, called spermatocytes. Importantly, this method of asymmetric mitotic division maintains a population of spermatogonial stem cells in the male reproductive...
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes01:23

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes

In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis. This...
Potential Due to a Magnetized Object01:24

Potential Due to a Magnetized Object

Magnetic dipoles in magnetic materials are aligned when placed under an external magnetic field. For paramagnets and ferromagnets, dipole alignment occurs in the direction of the magnetic field. However, the dipoles align opposite to the field in the case of diamagnets. This state of magnetic polarization due to the external field is called magnetization. Magnetization is defined as the dipole moment per unit volume. It plays a similar role to polarization in electrostatics.
The vector...
Ferromagnetism01:31

Ferromagnetism

Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
Diamagnetic Shielding of Nuclei: Local Diamagnetic Current01:14

Diamagnetic Shielding of Nuclei: Local Diamagnetic Current

An applied magnetic field causes the electrons present in the molecule to circulate, setting up a local diamagnetic current within the molecule. The local diamagnetic current arising from circulating sigma-bonding electrons induces a magnetic field, Blocal that opposes the applied magnetic field, B0. The effective magnetic field experienced by these nuclei is given by the difference between the applied and local magnetic fields in a phenomenon called local diamagnetic shielding. Essentially,...

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Enhancement of the Initial Growth Rate of Agricultural Plants by Using Static Magnetic Fields
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Published on: July 8, 2016

Weak static and extremely low frequency magnetic fields affect in vitro pollen germination.

Lucietta Betti1, Grazia Trebbi, Fabio Fregola

  • 1Department of Agro-Environmental Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Bologna University, Italy. lucietta.betti@unibo.it

Thescientificworldjournal
|April 26, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Extremely low frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MF) exposure improved kiwifruit pollen germination in a calcium-deprived medium. This suggests ELF-MFs may mitigate stress by influencing internal calcium release in pollen.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Physiology
  • Biophysics
  • Electromagnetic Biology

Background:

  • Calcium (Ca2+) is crucial for pollen germination and growth.
  • Calcium deficiency in growth media inhibits pollen germination.
  • Extremely low frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MFs) are increasingly studied for biological effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of specific ELF-MF exposure on in vitro kiwifruit pollen germination.
  • To identify in vitro pollen germination as a sensitive biological marker for ELF-MF effects.
  • To explore direct and indirect ELF-MF exposure methods on pollen performance.

Main Methods:

  • Kiwifruit pollen (Actinidia deliciosa) subjected to direct ELF-MF exposure (10 µT static + 16 Hz, 10 µT) during rehydration/germination.
  • Indirect exposure via pre-exposed growth medium (8 or 24 h exposure).
  • Pollen germination rate assessed blindly after 3.5 hours in a Ca2+-free medium using microscopy.

Main Results:

  • A consistent recovery of pollen germination percentage was observed under both direct and indirect ELF-MF exposure.
  • Direct exposure during germination or both rehydration/germination phases showed positive effects.
  • Indirect exposure, particularly with water pre-exposed for 24 hours, also enhanced germination.

Conclusions:

  • ELF-MF treatment appears to counteract the inhibitory effects of Ca2+ deficiency in the culture medium.
  • Results suggest ELF-MFs may induce the release of internal Ca2+ stores within pollen.
  • In vitro pollen germination is a viable model for studying ELF-MF impacts on biological systems.