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Updated: Jun 2, 2026
04:11
The Establishment of a Murine Maxillary Orthodontic Model
Published on: October 27, 2023
Root canal system of the maxillary canine
Makiko Uchiyama1, Masaaki Anzai, Akio Yamamoto
1Department of Endodontics and Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Matsumoto Dental University, 1780, Gohara, Hirooka, Shiojiri 399-0781, Japan. makiko@po.mdu.ac.jp
Okajimas Folia Anatomica Japonica
|April 27, 2011
Summary
Mechanical preparation of root canals is crucial for efficacy. This study found most accessory canals are small and manageable, with apical foramina typically near the apex, suggesting specific file sizes for effective cleaning.
Area of Science:
- Endodontics
- Dental Anatomy
- Restorative Dentistry
Background:
- Mechanical preparation is key to root canal treatment efficacy.
- Understanding root canal anatomy is essential for effective cleaning and shaping.
- Accessory canals and apical foramen location can impact treatment outcomes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the efficacy of mechanical preparation in root canals.
- To investigate root canal configuration, thickness, curvature, accessory canals, and apical foramen location.
- To determine the necessary instrument size for adequate apical preparation.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of 250 extracted maxillary canine teeth as transparent specimens.
- Assessment of canal configuration, root canal thickness and curvature.
- Evaluation of accessory canals and apical foramen location.
Main Results:
- Fewer than 40% of specimens had accessory canals that were mechanically difficult to clean.
- The majority of lateral branches were smaller than a #15 file; none exceeded a #20 file.
- 96% of apical foramina were within 0.5 mm of the apex, despite 30% being located away from the apex.
Conclusions:
- Most accessory canals in maxillary canines are small and potentially manageable during mechanical preparation.
- Apical foramina are predominantly located close to the apex, simplifying preparation.
- Adequate apical preparation requires instruments, such as a #60 file, capable of reaching the apical constriction.
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