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Design and Implementation of an fMRI Study Examining Thought Suppression in Young Women with, and At-risk, for Depression
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Diurnal variation in rumination.

Keisuke Takano1, Yoshihiko Tanno

  • 1Department of Cognitive and Behavioral Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. takano@beck.c.u-tokyo.ac.jp

Emotion (Washington, D.C.)
|April 27, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study reveals that ruminative thinking fluctuates daily, with high-trait ruminators experiencing more self-focused, unpleasant, and uncontrollable thoughts. Evening rumination is linked to higher depression levels, suggesting its role in exacerbating mood disorders.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Clinical Psychology
  • Cognitive Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Rumination, characterized by repetitive negative thinking, is a transdiagnostic risk factor for psychopathology.
  • Individual differences in rumination traits influence its phenomenology and association with negative affect.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the daily fluctuations of ruminative thinking and its relationship with individual differences.
  • To examine how self-focus, unpleasantness, and uncontrollability of thoughts interact to predict negative affect.
  • To explore the diurnal patterns of rumination and their association with depression levels.

Main Methods:

  • Experience sampling method (ESM) was employed, with participants recording thoughts and negative affect eight times daily for one week.
  • Self-focus, unpleasantness, and uncontrollability of thoughts were assessed.
  • Diurnal variation in a composite rumination measure was analyzed using quadratic functions.
  • Differences in diurnal trajectories between high and low depression groups were examined.

Main Results:

  • High-trait ruminators exhibited greater self-focus, unpleasantness, and uncontrollability.
  • Self-focus, unpleasantness, and uncontrollability interacted to predict negative affect.
  • A composite measure of rumination showed diurnal variation, fitting a quadratic function.
  • Individuals with higher depression engaged more in rumination during the evening compared to the morning.

Conclusions:

  • Evening rumination may significantly contribute to the exacerbation and maintenance of depression.
  • Understanding the diurnal patterns of rumination offers insights into mood disorder dynamics.
  • Interventions targeting evening rumination could be beneficial for individuals with depression.