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Calcium and plant hormone action.

M J Saunders1

  • 1Biology Department, University of South Florida, Tampa 33620.

Symposia of the Society for Experimental Biology
|January 1, 1990
PubMed
Summary

Calcium acts as a second messenger in plant cells, mediating hormone responses. While evidence is emerging for hormones like gibberellic acid and cytokinin, auxin and abscisic acid show complex interactions with calcium signaling.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Cell Biology
  • Molecular Plant Physiology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Plant cells possess components for a calcium-based signaling system to link external hormone stimuli with physiological responses.
  • This system includes regulated cytoplasmic calcium levels, membrane calcium pumps/channels, and calcium-dependent regulatory proteins.
  • Existing evidence for calcium's role as a second messenger in plants is often fragmented and indirect.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evidence for calcium's role as a second messenger in plant hormone signaling.
  • To examine the specific interactions between key plant hormones (auxin, abscisic acid, gibberellic acid, cytokinin) and intracellular calcium levels.
  • To highlight the complexities and challenges in understanding plant hormone stimulus-response coupling.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing scientific literature on plant hormone signaling and calcium.
  • Analysis of experimental data linking specific hormones to changes in intracellular calcium concentrations.
  • Comparative assessment of evidence across different plant hormone classes and responses.

Main Results:

  • Evidence suggests a close link between gibberellic acid and increased intracellular calcium in barley aleurone.
  • Cytokinin stimulation of various responses correlates with increased intracellular calcium via plasma membrane ion channel activation.
  • Auxin's effect on calcium is debated, with evidence suggesting antagonism or minimal impact; polar auxin transport may link to calcium transport.
  • Abscisic acid's role is preliminary, with some reports indicating agonism and others suggesting a decrease in calmodulin.

Conclusions:

  • While cytokinin and gibberellic acid show more convincing links to calcium signaling, the role of auxin and abscisic acid is complex and requires further investigation.
  • Understanding stimulus-response coupling in plants, especially higher plants, remains a significant challenge.
  • It is unlikely that calcium alone explains all plant hormone actions; mechanisms are likely diverse and complex.

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