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Related Concept Videos

Positron Emission Tomography01:29

Positron Emission Tomography

Positron emission tomography (PET) is a medical imaging technique involving radiopharmaceuticals — substances that emit short-lived radiation. Although the first PET scanner was introduced in 1961, it took 15 more years before radiopharmaceuticals were combined with the technique and revolutionized its potential.
One of the main requirements of a PET scan is a positron-emitting radioisotope, which is produced in a cyclotron and then attached to a substance used by the part of the body being...
Neural Circuits01:25

Neural Circuits

Neural circuits and neuronal pools are two of the main structures found in the nervous system. Neural circuits are networks of neurons that work together to carry out a specific task or process. They consist of interconnected neurons and glial cells, which provide structural and metabolic support.
Neuronal pools are collections of nerve cells with similar functions and interact through chemical and electrical signals. These pools include both interneurons (the central neural circuit nodes that...
Computed Tomography01:10

Computed Tomography

Tomography refers to imaging by sections. Computed tomography (CT) is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses computers to analyze several cross-sectional X-rays to reveal minute details about structures in the body.
The technique was invented in the 1970s and is based on the principle that as X-rays pass through the body, they are absorbed or reflected at different levels. In the technique, a patient lies on a motorized platform while a computerized axial tomography (CAT) scanner rotates...
Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction01:07

Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) can be used to determine the 3D structure of biological samples with the help of techniques such as electron microscope tomography and single-particle reconstruction. While single-particle reconstruction can examine macromolecules and macromolecular complexes in vitro conditions only, tomography permits the study of cell components or small cells in vivo.
Electron Tomography
Electron tomography can be performed either in TEM or STEM (scanning transmission...
Imaging Studies III: Computed Tomography01:27

Imaging Studies III: Computed Tomography

DefinitionComputed Tomography (CT) of the genitourinary (GU) tract is a non-invasive imaging modality that utilizes X-rays and computer processing to generate detailed cross-sectional images of the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and adjacent structures such as the adrenal glands.PurposeCT scans of the GU tract serve several diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, including:Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Diseases: Detects kidney stones, tumors, cysts, and congenital...
Imaging Studies II: Positron Emission Tomography and Scintigraphy01:25

Imaging Studies II: Positron Emission Tomography and Scintigraphy

Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is a medical imaging technique that provides crucial insights into the body's physiological functions at a molecular level. It is an indispensable resource for diagnosing, staging, and monitoring various illnesses, notably cancer, neurological disorders, and cardiovascular conditions.
Fundamental Principles of PET

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Long-Term Imaging of Identified Neural Populations using Microprisms in Freely Moving and Head-Fixed Animals
06:25

Long-Term Imaging of Identified Neural Populations using Microprisms in Freely Moving and Head-Fixed Animals

Published on: January 19, 2024

Projection neuron circuits resolved using correlative array tomography.

Daniele Oberti1, Moritz A Kirschmann, Richard H R Hahnloser

  • 1Institute of Neuroinformatics, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich Zurich, Switzerland.

Frontiers in Neuroscience
|April 27, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study enhances correlative array tomography (CAT) for mapping neural circuits. The improved method balances fluorescence and ultrastructure preservation, enabling detailed analysis of projection neuron connectivity in songbirds.

Keywords:
array tomographycorrelative microscopyneural tracersprojectomicssongbird

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Large-scale Reconstructions and Independent, Unbiased Clustering Based on Morphological Metrics to Classify Neurons in Selective Populations
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Large-scale Reconstructions and Independent, Unbiased Clustering Based on Morphological Metrics to Classify Neurons in Selective Populations

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Last Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Long-Term Imaging of Identified Neural Populations using Microprisms in Freely Moving and Head-Fixed Animals
06:25

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Published on: January 19, 2024

Large-scale Reconstructions and Independent, Unbiased Clustering Based on Morphological Metrics to Classify Neurons in Selective Populations
12:27

Large-scale Reconstructions and Independent, Unbiased Clustering Based on Morphological Metrics to Classify Neurons in Selective Populations

Published on: February 15, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cell Biology
  • Microscopy

Background:

  • Understanding neural circuits requires 3D morphology and synaptic connectivity analysis.
  • Correlative array tomography (CAT) combines light and electron microscopy but faces challenges in preserving fluorescence and ultrastructure.
  • Existing methods limit detailed mapping of neural pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate an optimized correlative array tomography (CAT) protocol for studying projection neuron connectivity.
  • To improve the compromise between fluorescence preservation and electron microscopy (EM) ultrastructure.
  • To enable statistically robust descriptions of neural connectivity in vocal brain regions.

Main Methods:

  • Adaptation of CAT protocols for tissue staining and fixation.
  • Use of fluorescent tracers and anti-dye antibodies for signal recovery.
  • Integration of heavy-metal staining and embedding for enhanced EM contrast.
  • Application in songbird HVC projection neurons using multi-color fluorescent tracers.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated protocols yield an excellent compromise between multimodal imaging constraints.
  • Successfully recovered lost fluorescence using anti-dye antibodies.
  • Identified and classified synapses based on morphology, ultrastructure, and fluorescence signals.
  • Enabled classification of synapses by projection neuron type.

Conclusions:

  • The adapted CAT method effectively visualizes and classifies synaptic connections between projection neuron types.
  • This technique is valuable for statistically describing neural connectivity and elucidating sensory-motor pathways.
  • The optimized protocol advances the study of neural circuits controlling complex behaviors like song production.