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Related Concept Videos

Aneurysm I: Introduction01:30

Aneurysm I: Introduction

An aortic aneurysm is a localized outpouching or dilation at a weak point in the artery wall. It may involve different parts of the aorta, such as the abdominal aorta, aortic arch, or thoracic aorta.Etiological factorsSeveral disorders are associated with aortic aneurysms.Congenital causes, such as primary connective tissue disorders like Marfan syndrome, impact the integrity and strength of connective tissues, notably affecting the aorta. Marfan syndrome is a genetic disorder that specifically...
Aneurysm II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:21

Aneurysm II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

Thoracic, aortic arch and abdominal aneurysms are significant vascular conditions that can present with various clinical manifestations and lead to serious complications. Understanding these manifestations and the appropriate diagnostic studies is essential for effective management and treatment.Thoracic Aortic AneurysmsThoracic aortic aneurysms often remain asymptomatic until they reach a size that impinges on adjacent structures. They typically cause deep, diffuse chest pain that radiates to...
Aneurysm III: Interprofessional Care01:26

Aneurysm III: Interprofessional Care

Aneurysm management involves either conservative medical therapy or surgical intervention, depending on the size and symptoms of the aneurysm. Conservative management is generally reserved for smaller, asymptomatic aneurysms, while larger or symptomatic aneurysms often necessitate surgical repair.Conservative Medical TherapyFor small, asymptomatic aneurysms, particularly abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) less than 5.5 centimeters in diameter, conservative medical therapy is recommended. This...
Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction01:15

Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction

IntroductionAortic regurgitation is characterized by the backward flow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole and arises from the improper closure of the aortic valve. This condition results in left ventricular volume overload and can stem from both acute and chronic etiologies, each contributing uniquely to the disease's progression and symptomatology.Acute and Chronic CausesAcute aortic regurgitation often results from events that suddenly impair the integrity of the...
Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:22

Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

Aortic valve regurgitation (AR) occurs when the aortic valve fails to close properly, allowing blood to flow backward from the aorta into the left ventricle. This backflow can result in two distinct clinical presentations: acute and chronic AR, each characterized by its own set of symptoms and physical findings.Acute Aortic RegurgitationAcute AR presents with a sudden onset of severe symptoms. Patients typically experience profound dyspnea (shortness of breath), chest pain, and signs of left...
Aneurysm IV: Nursing Management01:22

Aneurysm IV: Nursing Management

Vigilant monitoring for aneurysm rupture is essential for patients undergoing aortic surgery.Preoperative Nursing ManagementContinuously monitor the patient for manifestations of aneurysm rupture, such as pallor, weakness, tachycardia, hypotension, abdominal, back, groin, or periumbilical pain, changes in consciousness, and a pulsating abdominal mass. Regularly assess the patient's peripheral pulses.Instruct the patient to consume a clear liquid diet the day before surgery and administer...

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Novel and Innovative Hybrid Technique for Type A Aortic Dissection
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Aortic dissection and rupture in a child.

Yun Ju Jo1, Eun Jeong Lee, Jin Won Oh

  • 1Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Kwandong University Myongji Hospital Cardiovascular Center, Goyang, Korea.

Korean Circulation Journal
|April 27, 2011
PubMed
Summary

A rare case of aortic dissection type B with rupture occurred in an 11-year-old child. Despite immediate surgery and blood pressure control, the patient died from aortic rupture.

Keywords:
Aneurysm, dissechingAortaAortic ruptureChest painChildren

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Pediatric Cardiology
  • Emergency Medicine

Background:

  • Aortic dissection is a rare but life-threatening condition.
  • Type B aortic dissection typically affects older adults with hypertension.
  • Pediatric aortic dissection is exceptionally rare, with limited reported cases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a rare case of type B aortic dissection with rupture in an 11-year-old child.
  • To highlight the diagnostic challenges and rapid progression of this condition in pediatric patients.
  • To emphasize the importance of considering aortic dissection in pediatric patients presenting with severe chest pain.

Main Methods:

  • A case report of an 11-year-old boy presenting with sudden severe chest pain, palpitations, and shortness of breath.
  • Diagnostic workup included physical examination, vital signs measurement, and computed tomography (CT) imaging of the chest and abdomen.
  • Immediate surgical intervention was planned following diagnosis, with initial blood pressure control.

Main Results:

  • The patient presented with severe chest and abdominal pain, hypertension (150/90 mmHg), and tachycardia (120/minute).
  • CT imaging confirmed type B aortic dissection with evidence of impending rupture.
  • Despite prompt management and blood pressure control, the patient experienced aortic rupture and died prior to surgery.

Conclusions:

  • Type B aortic dissection with rupture can occur in children, albeit rarely.
  • Sudden severe chest pain in pediatric patients warrants urgent evaluation for aortic pathology.
  • This case underscores the critical need for early diagnosis and management of aortic dissection in children to improve outcomes.