Cystic fibrosis: a current review

Area of Science:

• Genetics
• Oral Medicine
• Pediatrics

Background:

• Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a prevalent severe genetic disorder in Caucasians.
• It stems from defective exocrine gland secretions, causing chronic respiratory and gastrointestinal diseases.
• Recent gene discovery facilitates carrier identification and antenatal diagnosis.

Purpose of the Study:

• To outline the oral health implications of cystic fibrosis.
• To highlight the impact of genetic advancements on CF diagnosis and management.
• To emphasize the importance of regular dental care for CF patients.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of genetic advancements in CF.
• Analysis of documented oral manifestations in CF patients.
• Discussion of the evolving prognosis and patient care needs.

Main Results:

• Oral manifestations include enamel hypoplasia, tooth discoloration, and salivary gland issues.
• CF patients exhibit a reduced incidence of dental caries.
• Nasal obstruction in CF can lead to mouth breathing and anterior open bite.

Conclusions:

• Improved early diagnosis and treatment of CF are increasing life expectancy.
• CF patients are expected to require and seek regular dental care.
• Managing CF as a treatable condition enhances long-term patient outcomes.