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Morphological abnormalities, impaired fetal development and decrease in myostatin expression following somatic cell

Il-Hwa Hong1, Yeon-Woo Jeong, Taeyoung Shin

  • 1College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Science
  • Developmental Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is used for cloning mammals, but success rates remain low.
  • Incomplete reprogramming of somatic cells is suspected but not fully understood as a cause of cloning failure.
  • Previous cloning attempts in dogs have shown high failure rates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the causes of death in cloned dogs produced via SCNT.
  • To identify potential morphological and molecular factors contributing to poor survival rates in SCNT-cloned dogs.

Main Methods:

  • Necropsy of 12 deceased SCNT-cloned dogs.
  • Gross examination for morphological abnormalities.
  • Analysis of myostatin mRNA expression in tissues of cloned dogs compared to a normal dog.

Main Results:

  • Deceased cloned dogs exhibited anterior abdominal wall defects, enlarged hearts and livers, increased muscle mass, and macroglossia.
  • Significantly down-regulated myostatin mRNA expression was observed in the tongues and skeletal muscles of SCNT-cloned dogs.
  • These findings suggest a link between myostatin dysregulation and observed abnormalities.

Conclusions:

  • Decreased myostatin expression in SCNT-cloned dogs may lead to morphological abnormalities like increased muscle mass and macroglossia.
  • These abnormalities are likely contributing factors to impaired fetal development and reduced survival rates in cloned dogs.
  • Further research into myostatin's role could improve cloning efficiency and offspring viability.