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IUPAC Nomenclature of Aldehydes01:16

IUPAC Nomenclature of Aldehydes

Aldehydes are named based on the systematic nomenclature rules set by the IUPAC. For acyclic aldehydes, the longest carbon chain containing the aldehydic (–CHO) group is considered the parent chain. The aldehyde is named by replacing the last letter “e” in the hydrocarbon name with “al”. For instance, a simple, seven-carbon-membered acyclic aldehyde is called heptanal, derived from heptane. The carbon chain is numbered starting from the aldehydic carbon, although the aldehydic carbon’s locant...
Organic Compounds03:02

Organic Compounds

All living things are formed mostly of carbon compounds called organic compounds. The category of organic compounds includes both natural and synthetic compounds that contain carbon. Although a single, precise definition has yet to be identified by the chemistry community, most agree that a defining trait of organic molecules is the presence of carbon as the principal element, bonded to hydrogen and other carbon atoms. However, some carbon-containing compounds such as carbonates, cyanides, and...
Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Acid Halides, Esters, and Acid Anhydrides01:16

Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Acid Halides, Esters, and Acid Anhydrides

Naming Acid Halides
The IUPAC and common names of acid halides are derived from the corresponding carboxylic acids, by changing “ic acid” to “yl halide.” For example, as shown below, the IUPAC name ethanoyl chloride is derived from ethanoic acid, and the common name, acetyl chloride, is obtained from acetic acid.
Acidity and Basicity of Alcohols and Phenols02:36

Acidity and Basicity of Alcohols and Phenols

Like water, alcohols are weak acids and bases. This is attributed to the polarization of the O–H bond making the hydrogen partially positive. Moreover, the electron pairs on the oxygen atom of alcohol make it both basic and nucleophilic. Protonation of an alcohol converts hydroxide, a poor leaving group, into water—a good one. The two acid–base equilibria corresponding to ethanol are depicted below.
Structure and Nomenclature of Alcohols and Phenols02:23

Structure and Nomenclature of Alcohols and Phenols

Overview
Alcohols are one of the most important functional groups in organic chemistry. The name of alcohol comes from the hydrocarbon from which it is derived. Alcohols are organic molecules containing the functional hydroxyl or –OH group directly bonded to carbon. Phenols have an OH group directly attached to a benzene ring. While alcohols are colorless, phenol is a white crystalline compound with a characteristic "hospital smell" odor.
As with other organic compounds, alcohols and phenols...
Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Overview01:15

Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Overview

Carboxylic acid derivatives are formed by replacing the hydroxyl group of carboxylic acids with a different functional group. The most common carboxylic acid derivatives are:

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A Strategy for Sensitive, Large Scale Quantitative Metabolomics
14:18

A Strategy for Sensitive, Large Scale Quantitative Metabolomics

Published on: May 27, 2014

3-(2-Fluoro-phen-oxy)propanoic acid.

Yao-Yuan Zhou1, Xiao-Bo Gu, Meng-Jun Jiang

  • 1Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, People's Republic of China.

Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
|April 28, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study details the crystal structure of a fluorinated organic compound, C(9)H(9)FO(3). Molecules form dimers via hydrogen bonds and create a 3D network through weaker interactions.

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Modification and Functionalization of the Guanidine Group by Tailor-made Precursors
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Modification and Functionalization of the Guanidine Group by Tailor-made Precursors
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Modification and Functionalization of the Guanidine Group by Tailor-made Precursors

Published on: April 27, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Crystallography
  • Organic Chemistry
  • Supramolecular Chemistry

Background:

  • Understanding the solid-state structure of organic molecules is crucial for predicting their physical and chemical properties.
  • Fluorinated organic compounds exhibit unique electronic and steric properties, influencing molecular packing and intermolecular interactions.
  • Carboxylic acid functional groups are known to participate in strong hydrogen bonding, dictating crystal architectures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the crystal structure of the title compound, C(9)H(9)FO(3).
  • To analyze the intermolecular interactions, including hydrogen bonding and weaker interactions, that govern the crystal packing.
  • To investigate the dihedral angle between the carboxyl group and the benzene ring and its influence on molecular conformation.

Main Methods:

  • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the three-dimensional structure of the compound.
  • Analysis of the crystal structure involved identifying hydrogen bond donors and acceptors.
  • Intermolecular interactions were characterized using geometric parameters and topological analysis.

Main Results:

  • The crystal structure of C(9)H(9)FO(3) was successfully determined.
  • A significant dihedral angle of 79.4(3)° was observed between the carboxyl group and the benzene ring.
  • Molecules self-assemble into centrosymmetric dimers mediated by classical O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds.
  • Weaker C-H⋯O interactions further link these dimers, establishing an extended three-dimensional network in the crystal.

Conclusions:

  • The crystal packing of C(9)H(9)FO(3) is primarily dictated by strong O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds forming dimers.
  • The observed dihedral angle influences the overall molecular conformation and its packing arrangement.
  • The interplay of hydrogen bonds and weaker interactions results in a stable three-dimensional supramolecular architecture.