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Related Concept Videos

Reactions at the Benzylic Position: Halogenation01:11

Reactions at the Benzylic Position: Halogenation

Benzylic halogenation takes place under conditions that favor radical reactions such as heat, light, or a free radical initiator like peroxide.
Hydrolysis of Chlorobenzene to Phenol: Dow Process01:10

Hydrolysis of Chlorobenzene to Phenol: Dow Process

Simple aryl halides do not react with nucleophiles under normal conditions. However, the reaction can proceed under drastic conditions involving high temperatures and high pressure to give the substituted products. For example, chlorobenzene is converted to phenol using aqueous sodium hydroxide at 350 °C under high pressure by the Dow process. The reaction follows an elimination-addition mechanism involving a benzyne intermediate. Here, the chloride ion is eliminated to generate the benzyne...
Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds with Multiple Substituents01:11

Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds with Multiple Substituents

When more than one substituent is present on the benzene ring, the IUPAC nomenclature depends on the number of substituents present.
For disubstituted benzene derivatives, with two groups attached to the benzene ring, three constitutional isomers are possible. For example, consider dimethyl benzene, often called xylene, where the second methyl group can be substituted at the second, third, or fourth carbon. The relative position of the substituents is represented by prefixes ortho, meta, or...
NMR Spectroscopy of Benzene Derivatives01:37

NMR Spectroscopy of Benzene Derivatives

Simple unsubstituted benzene has six aromatic protons, all chemically equivalent. Therefore, benzene exhibits only a singlet peak at δ 7.3 ppm in the 1H NMR spectrum. The observed shift is far downfield because the aromatic ring current strongly deshields the protons. Any substitution on the benzene ring makes the aromatic protons nonequivalent, and the protons split each other. The peak is, therefore, no longer a singlet and the splitting pattern and their associated coupling constants depend...
Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Chlorination and Bromination of Benzene01:15

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Chlorination and Bromination of Benzene

Chlorination and bromination are important classes of electrophilic aromatic substitutions, where benzene reacts with chlorine or bromine in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst to give halogenated substitution products. A Lewis acid such as aluminium chloride or ferric chloride catalyzes the chlorination, and ferric bromide catalyzes the bromination reactions. During the bromination of alkenes, bromine polarizes and becomes electrophilic. However, in the bromination of benzene, the bromine...
Regioselectivity of Electrophilic Additions-Peroxide Effect02:35

Regioselectivity of Electrophilic Additions-Peroxide Effect

In the presence of organic peroxides, the addition of hydrogen bromide to an alkene yields the isomer that is not predicted by Markovnikov’s rule. For example, the addition of hydrogen bromide to 2-methylpropene in the presence of peroxides gives 1-bromo-2-methylpropane. This addition reaction proceeds via a free radical mechanism, which reverses the regioselectivity. The free radical reaction mechanism involves three stages: initiation, propagation, and termination.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Electroactive Polymer Nanoparticles Exhibiting Photothermal Properties
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Electroactive Polymer Nanoparticles Exhibiting Photothermal Properties

Published on: January 8, 2016

1,4-Bis(3-chloro-prop-oxy)benzene.

Yufei Wang1

  • 1Faculty of Science, Rm No 207, Carslow Building F07, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.

Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
|April 28, 2011
PubMed
Summary

This study details the crystal structure of a C(12)H(16)Cl(2)O(2) compound. The molecule exhibits a center of inversion, with intermolecular forces stabilizing its arrangement.

Area of Science:

  • Crystallography
  • Molecular structure determination
  • Organic chemistry

Background:

  • Understanding molecular arrangements is crucial in chemistry.
  • Crystal structure analysis provides insights into intermolecular forces.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the crystal structure of the title compound, C(12)H(16)Cl(2)O(2).
  • To identify and analyze the intermolecular interactions present in the crystal lattice.

Main Methods:

  • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed.
  • Analysis of the molecular geometry and packing in the solid state.

Main Results:

  • The molecule C(12)H(16)Cl(2)O(2) possesses a center of inversion located at the centroid of the benzene ring.

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Synthesis of Antiviral Tetrahydrocarbazole Derivatives by Photochemical and Acid-catalyzed C-H Functionalization via Intermediate Peroxides (CHIPS)
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Palladium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis from Benzimidazolium Salts and Catalytic Activity in Carbon-carbon Bond-forming Reactions
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  • The asymmetric unit contains one half of the molecule.
  • Intermolecular C-H⋯π interactions were identified as key stabilizing forces.

    • Conclusions:

    • The crystal structure is characterized by a high degree of symmetry due to the center of inversion.
    • C-H⋯π interactions play a significant role in the stabilization of the crystal lattice for this compound.