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Related Concept Videos

Carboxylic Acids to Methylesters: Alkylation using Diazomethane01:33

Carboxylic Acids to Methylesters: Alkylation using Diazomethane

Carboxylic acids react with diazomethane in an ether solvent via alkylation at the carboxylate oxygen atom to give methyl esters of the corresponding acid with excellent yields.
Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H01:19

Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H

Nitrous acid, a weak acid, is prepared in situ via the reaction of sodium nitrite with a strong acid under cold conditions. This nitrous acid prepared in situ reacts with primary arylamines to form arenediazonium salts. Such reactions are known as diazotization reactions. As shown in Figure 1, the formation of arenediazonium salts begins with the decomposition of nitrous acid in an acidic solution to give nitrosonium ions.
Structures of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives01:28

Structures of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives

Structure of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives
Carboxylic acid derivatives contain an acyl group attached to a heteroatom such as chlorine, oxygen, or nitrogen. The carbonyl carbon and oxygen are both sp2-hybridized with an unhybridized p orbital.
The three sp2 orbitals of the carbonyl carbon form three σ bonds, one each with the carbonyl oxygen, the α carbon, and the heteroatom, whereas the other two sp2 orbitals of the carbonyl oxygen are occupied by the lone pairs. Further, the unhybridized p...
Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Amides and Nitriles01:11

Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Amides and Nitriles

Naming Amides
The IUPAC and common names of amides are derived from the parent carboxylic acid, by replacing the suffix “oic acid” and “ic acid,” respectively, with “amide.” In the following example, the IUPAC name ethanamide is derived from ethanoic acid, and the common name, acetamide, is obtained from acetic acid.
Aldehydes and Ketones with HCN: Cyanohydrin Formation Overview01:32

Aldehydes and Ketones with HCN: Cyanohydrin Formation Overview

Cyanohydrins are compounds that contain –CN and –OH groups on the same carbon atom. They are formed by the nucleophilic addition of the cyanide ions to the carbonyl group. Cyanide ions are highly basic and nucleophilic and can be generated from HCN under aqueous conditions. However, since HCN is a weak acid, the number of cyanide ions generated is very small. Hence, a small amount of base or KCN/NaCN is added to HCN to increase the concentration of the cyanide ions in the reaction mixture.
Diazonium Group Substitution with Halogens and Cyanide: Sandmeyer and Schiemann Reactions01:20

Diazonium Group Substitution with Halogens and Cyanide: Sandmeyer and Schiemann Reactions

Arenediazonium substitution reactions occur when the diazonium group is substituted by various functional groups such as halides, hydroxyl, nitrile, etc. For instance, arenediazonium salts react with copper(I) salts of chloride, bromide, or cyanide to form corresponding aryl chlorides, bromides, and nitriles. These reactions are named Sandmeyer reactions. Although the mechanism of this reaction is complicated, as illustrated in Figure 1, they are believed to progress via an aryl copper...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Facile Preparation of (2Z,4E)-Dienamides by the Olefination of Electron-deficient Alkenes with Allyl Acetate
06:46

Facile Preparation of (2Z,4E)-Dienamides by the Olefination of Electron-deficient Alkenes with Allyl Acetate

Published on: June 21, 2017

(E)-2-(4-Methylbenzylidene)hydrazinecarboxamide.

Yalda Kia, Hasnah Osman, Vikneswaran Al Murugaiyah

    Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
    |April 28, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study details the synthesis of a novel organic compound, C(9)H(11)N(3)O, using 4-methyl-benzaldehyde and semicarbazide. The research elucidates its molecular structure, including E configuration and intermolecular hydrogen bonding, crucial for understanding crystal packing and material properties.

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    Preparation and In Vivo Use of an Activity-based Probe for N-acylethanolamine Acid Amidase

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    Synthesis of Antiviral Tetrahydrocarbazole Derivatives by Photochemical and Acid-catalyzed C-H Functionalization via Intermediate Peroxides (CHIPS)
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    Synthesis of Antiviral Tetrahydrocarbazole Derivatives by Photochemical and Acid-catalyzed C-H Functionalization via Intermediate Peroxides (CHIPS)

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    Synthesis of Antiviral Tetrahydrocarbazole Derivatives by Photochemical and Acid-catalyzed C-H Functionalization via Intermediate Peroxides (CHIPS)

    Published on: June 20, 2014

    Area of Science:

    • Organic Chemistry
    • Crystallography
    • Supramolecular Chemistry

    Background:

    • Semicarbazone derivatives are known for diverse biological activities.
    • Understanding the structural features of novel organic compounds is key to their application.
    • Crystal engineering relies on predicting and controlling intermolecular interactions.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To synthesize and characterize a new organic compound derived from 4-methyl-benzaldehyde and semicarbazide.
    • To elucidate the molecular geometry and conformation of the synthesized compound.
    • To investigate the intermolecular interactions and crystal packing in the solid state.

    Main Methods:

    • Chemical synthesis via condensation reaction.
    • Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis.
    • Analysis of molecular conformation and hydrogen bonding networks.

    Main Results:

    • Successful synthesis of the title compound, C(9)H(11)N(3)O.
    • Determination of the E configuration around the C=N double bond.
    • Identification of an intramolecular N-H⋯N hydrogen bond forming an S(5) ring.
    • Observation of intermolecular N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds forming R(2)(2)(8) loops and [001] supramolecular ribbons.

    Conclusions:

    • The synthesized compound exhibits specific conformational preferences due to intramolecular hydrogen bonding.
    • Intermolecular hydrogen bonding dictates the formation of extended supramolecular structures in the crystal.
    • The structural findings provide insights into the crystal engineering of semicarbazone derivatives.