Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 2, 2026
11:45
Preparation of Stable Bicyclic Aziridinium Ions and Their Ring-Opening for the Synthesis of Azaheterocycles
Published on: August 22, 2018
1,3,5,7-Tetra-bromo-adamantane.
Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
|April 28, 2011
Summary
This study details the crystal structure of a pyramidal molecule, C(10)H(12)Br(4). The research found nearly identical terminal bromine-carbon bonds and identified van der Waals contacts between molecules in the crystal lattice.
Area of Science:
- Crystallography
- Organic Chemistry
- Solid-State Chemistry
Background:
- Understanding molecular geometry and intermolecular forces is crucial in solid-state chemistry.
- The study of halogenated organic compounds provides insights into chemical bonding and crystal packing.
Purpose of the Study:
- To elucidate the crystal structure of the title compound, C(10)H(12)Br(4).
- To analyze the molecular geometry, focusing on terminal bromine-carbon bond distances.
- To investigate intermolecular interactions within the crystal lattice.
Main Methods:
- Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the three-dimensional structure.
- Analysis of bond lengths and distances was performed to characterize molecular and intermolecular features.
Main Results:
- The molecule adopts a pyramidal shape.
- Four terminal bromine-carbon (Br-C) bond distances were found to be nearly identical, ranging from 1.964(4) to 1.974(4) Å.
- A bromine-bromine (Br⋯Br) distance of 3.6553(7) Å suggests van der Waals contacts between adjacent molecules.
Conclusions:
- The crystal structure of C(10)H(12)Br(4) is characterized by a pyramidal molecular geometry.
- The observed Br-C bond lengths indicate structural uniformity within the molecule.
- Van der Waals interactions play a role in the crystal packing of this compound.
Related Concept Videos
02:46Halogenation of Alkenes
Halogenation is the addition of chlorine or bromine across the double bond in an alkene to yield a vicinal dihalide. The reaction occurs in the presence of inert and non-nucleophilic solvents, such as methylene chloride, chloroform, or carbon tetrachloride.
Consider the bromination of cyclopentene. Molecular bromine is polarized in the proximity of the π electrons of cyclopentene. An electrophilic bromine atom adds across the double bond, forming a cyclic bromonium ion intermediate.
Consider the bromination of cyclopentene. Molecular bromine is polarized in the proximity of the π electrons of cyclopentene. An electrophilic bromine atom adds across the double bond, forming a cyclic bromonium ion intermediate.
01:27Radical Substitution: Allylic Bromination
In organic synthesis, the formation of products can be altered by changing the reaction conditions. For example, a dibromo addition product is formed when propene is treated with bromine at room temperature. In contrast, propene undergoes allylic substitution in non-polar solvents at high temperatures to give 3-bromopropene. In order to avoid the addition reaction, the bromine concentration must be kept as low as possible throughout the reaction. This can be achieved using N-bromosuccinimide...
02:45Alkyl Halides
Structural Properties
Alkyl halides are halogen-substituted alkanes wherein one or more hydrogen atoms of an alkane is replaced by a halogen atom such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine. The carbon atom in an alkyl halide is bonded to the halogen atom, which is sp3-hybridized and exhibits a tetrahedral shape.
Unlike alkyl halides, compounds in which a halogen atom is bonded to an sp2 -hybridized carbon atom of a carbon-carbon double bond (C=C) are called vinyl halides. Whereas aryl...
Alkyl halides are halogen-substituted alkanes wherein one or more hydrogen atoms of an alkane is replaced by a halogen atom such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine. The carbon atom in an alkyl halide is bonded to the halogen atom, which is sp3-hybridized and exhibits a tetrahedral shape.
Unlike alkyl halides, compounds in which a halogen atom is bonded to an sp2 -hybridized carbon atom of a carbon-carbon double bond (C=C) are called vinyl halides. Whereas aryl...
01:10Nomenclature of Aryl and Heterocyclic Amines
The simplest aromatic amine is phenylamine, which contains an –NH2 functionality directly attached to an aromatic ring. The name aniline is designated for this skeleton. As shown in Figure 1, the common names of the functionalized anilines involve prefixes ortho-, meta-, and para- to indicate the substitution position. Different functionalized aniline derivatives also have notable trivial names.
01:16Adrenergic Agonists: Chemistry and Structure-Activity Relationship
Adrenergic agonists' structure-activity relationship (SAR) determines their selectivity and efficacy. These agonists comprise a phenylethylamine moiety with an aromatic ring and an ethylamine side chain.
Aromatic ring substitutions: Substituting the aromatic ring with –OH groups at positions 3 and 4 yields catecholamines (e.g., epinephrine), which have a high affinity for adrenoceptors. Hydrogen bonding between –OH groups and receptors enhances adrenergic activity.
Separation of the aromatic...
Aromatic ring substitutions: Substituting the aromatic ring with –OH groups at positions 3 and 4 yields catecholamines (e.g., epinephrine), which have a high affinity for adrenoceptors. Hydrogen bonding between –OH groups and receptors enhances adrenergic activity.
Separation of the aromatic...
01:11Reactions at the Benzylic Position: Halogenation
Benzylic halogenation takes place under conditions that favor radical reactions such as heat, light, or a free radical initiator like peroxide.