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Related Concept Videos

Qualitative Analysis03:46

Qualitative Analysis

For solutions containing mixtures of different cations, the identity of each cation can be determined by qualitative analysis. This technique involves a series of selective precipitations with different chemical reagents, each reaction producing a characteristic precipitate for a specific group of cations. Metal ions within a group are further separated by varying the pH, heating the mixture to redissolve a precipitate, or adding other reagents to form complex ions.
For instance, group IV...
Gravimetry: Inorganic And Organic Precipitating Agents00:49

Gravimetry: Inorganic And Organic Precipitating Agents

In gravimetry, the precipitant is chosen carefully to obtain a pure solid that can be easily filtered. Common inorganic precipitants can be used to determine several cations and anions. In some cases, the formation of the same precipitate can be used to determine the cation and the anion. For example, the reaction of barium and chromate ions to give barium chromate is used to determine both barium and chromate. However, precipitates such as hydroxides, oxalates, and metal ammonium phosphates...
Acid Halides to Amides: Aminolysis01:07

Acid Halides to Amides: Aminolysis

Aminolysis is a nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction, where ammonia or amines act as nucleophiles to give the substitution product. Acid halides react with ammonia, primary amines, and secondary amines to yield primary, secondary, and tertiary amides, respectively.
In the first step of the aminolysis mechanism, the amine attacks the carbonyl carbon of the acyl chloride to form a tetrahedral intermediate. In the second step, the carbonyl group is re-formed with the elimination of a chloride...
Radical Substitution: Allylic Chlorination01:31

Radical Substitution: Allylic Chlorination

Typically, when alkenes react with halogens at low temperatures, an addition reaction occurs. However, upon increasing the temperature or under reaction conditions that form radicals, providing a low but steady concentration of halogen radicals, allylic substitution reaction is favored. This is because allylic hydrogens are very reactive as the formed intermediate is resonance stabilized. For example, when propene is treated with chlorine in the gas phase at 400 °C, it undergoes allylic...
Precipitation of Ions03:11

Precipitation of Ions

Predicting Precipitation
The equation that describes the equilibrium between solid calcium carbonate and its solvated ions is:
EDTA: Auxiliary Complexing Reagents01:26

EDTA: Auxiliary Complexing Reagents

EDTA titrations are usually carried out in highly basic conditions, where the fully deprotonated form of EDTA, Y4−, actively complexes with the free metal ions in the solution. Several metal ions precipitate as hydrous oxide (hydroxides, oxides, or oxyhydroxides) under these conditions, lowering the concentration of free metal ions in the solution. For this reason, auxiliary complexing agents or ligands such as ammonia, tartrate, citrate, or triethanolamine are used in EDTA titrations to...

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Facile Synthesis of Colloidal Lead Halide Perovskite Nanoplatelets via Ligand-Assisted Reprecipitation
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Adeninium perchlorate.

Hoong-Kun Fun, Jia Hao Goh, Annada C Maity

    Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
    |April 28, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study details the crystal structure of the salt 6-amino-9H-purin-1-ium perchlorate. Researchers found the adeninium cation is planar and the perchlorate anion is disordered, forming a 3D structure via hydrogen bonds.

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    Published on: September 8, 2017

    Area of Science:

    • Crystallography
    • Supramolecular Chemistry
    • Solid-State Chemistry

    Background:

    • Adenine derivatives are crucial in biological systems and materials science.
    • Understanding the solid-state structure of purinium salts provides insights into their chemical properties and potential applications.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To elucidate the crystal structure of 6-amino-9H-purin-1-ium perchlorate.
    • To analyze the bonding interactions and supramolecular assembly within the crystal lattice.

    Main Methods:

    • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the molecular and crystal structure.
    • Analysis of bond lengths, bond angles, and intermolecular interactions (hydrogen bonding) was performed.

    Main Results:

    • The adeninium cation was found to be essentially planar (maximum deviation of 0.038 Å).
    • The perchlorate anion exhibited disorder over two sites with an occupancy ratio of 0.589:0.411.
    • Adeninium cations formed inversion dimers linked by N-H⋯N hydrogen bonds.
    • A three-dimensional supramolecular network was established through N-H⋯O, C-H⋯O, and C-H⋯N hydrogen bonds.

    Conclusions:

    • The crystal structure of 6-amino-9H-purin-1-ium perchlorate reveals a well-defined supramolecular architecture driven by hydrogen bonding.
    • The observed planarity of the adeninium cation and the disorder of the perchlorate anion are key structural features.
    • This study contributes to the understanding of purinium salt crystal engineering and intermolecular interactions.