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Related Concept Videos

Bone Remodeling and Repair01:31

Bone Remodeling and Repair

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...
Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age01:09

Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age

The upper and lower limb initially develops as a small bulge called a limb bud, which appears on the lateral side of the early embryo. The upper limb bud appears near the end of the fourth week of development, with the lower limb bud appearing shortly after.
Initially, the limb buds consist of a core of mesenchyme covered by a layer of ectoderm. The ectoderm at the end of the limb bud thickens to form a narrow crest called the apical ectodermal ridge. This ridge stimulates the underlying...
Bones of the Lower Limb: Tibia and Fibula01:10

Bones of the Lower Limb: Tibia and Fibula

The tibia is the main weight-bearing bone of the lower leg. It is larger than the fibula with which it is paired. The tibia is also the second longest bone in the body and is located right below the skin. The proximal end of the tibia forms the medial and the lateral condyle, which articulates with the condyles of the femur to form the knee joint. Between the articulating surfaces is the irregular elevated area known as the intercondylar eminence that serves as the inferior attachment point for...
Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
Development of the Limb Synovial Joints01:07

Development of the Limb Synovial Joints

Joints form during embryonic development in conjunction with the formation and growth of the associated bones. The embryonic tissue that gives rise to all bones, cartilage, and connective tissues of the body is called mesenchyme.
The mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into chondrocytes that form the hyaline cartilage, and later the cartilaginous model of the bone. This model further transforms into a bone. This process is known as endochondral ossification.
During development, the limbs...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Adult Mouse Digit Amputation and Regeneration: A Simple Model to Investigate Mammalian Blastema Formation and Intramembranous Ossification
09:17

Adult Mouse Digit Amputation and Regeneration: A Simple Model to Investigate Mammalian Blastema Formation and Intramembranous Ossification

Published on: July 12, 2019

Bone regeneration and limb lengthening.

P Merloz1

  • 1CHU Albert Michallon, BP 217, University Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France. PMerloz@chu-grenoble.fr

Osteoporosis International : a Journal Established As Result of Cooperation Between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA
|April 28, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Incremental distraction is key for bone regeneration, stimulating new bone growth from both endosteal and periosteal tissues. This process bypasses the need for intermediate fibrocartilage in ossification.

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An Efficient and Reproducible Protocol for Distraction Osteogenesis in a Rat Model Leading to a Functional Regenerated Femur
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An Efficient and Reproducible Protocol for Distraction Osteogenesis in a Rat Model Leading to a Functional Regenerated Femur

Published on: October 23, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic surgery
  • Regenerative medicine
  • Biomaterials science

Background:

  • Stable fixation and maintaining osteogenic tissues are crucial for bone regeneration.
  • Additional factors beyond stable fixation are needed to stimulate bone regeneration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of incremental distraction in stimulating bone regeneration.
  • To understand the origin of new bone formed during distraction osteogenesis.
  • To elucidate the mechanism of ossification in this context.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized incremental distraction techniques in a bone regeneration model.
  • Analyzed the origin of newly formed bone (endosteal vs. periosteal).
  • Examined the soft tissue response to incremental distraction.
  • Investigated the ossification process, noting the absence of fibrocartilage.

Main Results:

  • Incremental distraction successfully stimulates bone regeneration.
  • New bone formation occurs from both endosteal and periosteal origins.
  • Soft tissues exhibit similar growth phenomena during distraction.
  • Ossification proceeds directly without an intermediate fibrocartilage stage.

Conclusions:

  • Incremental distraction is a critical factor for effective bone regeneration.
  • Distraction osteogenesis involves coordinated growth of bone and soft tissues.
  • The mechanism of ossification in distraction osteogenesis is direct, bypassing fibrocartilage.