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Related Concept Videos

Brain Abscess l: Introduction01:26

Brain Abscess l: Introduction

A brain abscess is a focal, intracerebral infection characterized by a localized collection of pus within the brain parenchyma, resulting from microbial invasion and the body’s inflammatory response. It progresses through stages: early and late cerebritis, followed by early and late capsule formation, reflecting tissue destruction, immune response, and eventual encapsulation.Etiology and PathogenesisCausative organisms vary with source and host factors, often involving polymicrobial infections,...
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Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology

Bacterial meningitis typically begins when pathogens such as Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae colonize the nasopharynx and invade the bloodstream. This process is facilitated by bacterial virulence factors, such as polysaccharide capsules, which resist phagocytosis and complement-mediated killing. Less commonly, bacteria reach the central nervous system via contiguous spread from infections like otitis media or sinusitis, through congenital or acquired dural defects, or...
Bacterial Meningitis01:24

Bacterial Meningitis

Bacterial meningitis is a severe infectious disease involving inflammation of the meninges, the protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. It occurs when pathogenic bacteria cross the blood–brain barrier and enter the cerebrospinal fluid. Common causative organisms include Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae type b, Listeria monocytogenes, and Escherichia coli K1. The exact route of entry varies by pathogen and host condition.Routes of Entry...
Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction01:22

Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction

Bacterial meningitis is a severe, life-threatening inflammation of the meninges, particularly the pia mater and arachnoid mater, affecting the subarachnoid space, ventricles, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). If untreated, it can lead to significant neurological complications or death.Causative AgentsCommon pathogens vary with age and immune status. In adults, major organisms include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae. Streptococcus agalactiae (group B...
Encephalitis l: Introduction01:19

Encephalitis l: Introduction

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma, most often due to infections or autoimmune processes. It presents with neuropsychiatric features such as fever, altered mental status, behavioral changes, cognitive dysfunction, seizures, focal deficits, and sometimes autonomic instability. In some cases, the meninges are also involved, resulting in meningoencephalitis.Infectious CausesInfectious encephalitis is most commonly viral but can also result from bacterial, fungal, or parasitic...
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Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma caused by direct viral invasion or immune-mediated mechanisms triggered by infections or tumors. Both processes lead to neuronal injury, disrupted neurotransmission, and diverse neurological symptoms, often with overlapping clinical and pathological features.Autoimmune EncephalitisIn autoimmune encephalitis, antibodies target neuronal antigens on cell surfaces, synapses, or within neurons. A key example is anti-NMDAR encephalitis, which can...

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MR spectroscopy in children: protocols and pitfalls in non-tumorous brain pathology.

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MR imaging of neonatal brain infections.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Intracerebroventricular and Intravascular Injection of Viral Particles and Fluorescent Microbeads into the Neonatal Brain
05:51

Intracerebroventricular and Intravascular Injection of Viral Particles and Fluorescent Microbeads into the Neonatal Brain

Published on: July 24, 2016

Neonatal brain infections.

Jacques F Schneider1

  • 1Department of Paediatric Radiology, University Children's Hospital Basel, UKBB, Roemergasse 8, 4058 Basel, Switzerland. Jacques.schneider@ukbb.ch

Pediatric Radiology
|April 28, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Neonatal brain infections present unique challenges due to age-specific factors. Early neuroimaging is crucial as clinical signs are often non-specific, ensuring timely treatment and better outcomes for infants.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal neurology
  • Pediatric infectious diseases
  • Neuroimaging in neonates

Background:

  • Neonatal brain infections differ significantly from those in older children.
  • These differences stem from maternal, infant, and pathogen-specific factors.
  • Clinical and neurological signs in neonates are frequently non-specific and scarce.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the unique aspects of neonatal brain infections.
  • To emphasize the limitations of clinical signs in diagnosing neonatal brain infections.
  • To underscore the importance of early neuroimaging in neonatal brain infections.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical presentations of neonatal brain infections.
  • Correlation analysis between clinical signs and neuroimaging findings.

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Last Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Intracerebroventricular and Intravascular Injection of Viral Particles and Fluorescent Microbeads into the Neonatal Brain
05:51

Intracerebroventricular and Intravascular Injection of Viral Particles and Fluorescent Microbeads into the Neonatal Brain

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A Neonatal Imaging Model of Gram-Negative Bacterial Sepsis
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A Neonatal Imaging Model of Gram-Negative Bacterial Sepsis

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07:36

Modeling Encephalopathy of Prematurity Using Prenatal Hypoxia-ischemia with Intra-amniotic Lipopolysaccharide in Rats

Published on: November 20, 2015

  • Evaluation of diagnostic value of early neuroimaging.

    • Main Results:

    • Clinical and neurological signs often lack specificity and severity.
    • Observed poor correlation between clinical presentation and neuroimaging extent.
    • Early neuroimaging demonstrates significant value in diagnosis.

    Conclusions:

    • Neonatal brain infections require a distinct approach compared to older children.
    • Reliance on clinical signs alone is insufficient for diagnosis and management.
    • Prompt neuroimaging is essential for accurate diagnosis, timely therapy, and improved outcomes in neonatal central nervous system infections.