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Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Visualization and Analysis of Pharyngeal Arch Arteries using Whole-mount Immunohistochemistry and 3D Reconstruction
Published on: March 31, 2020
Three-dimensional analysis of pharyngeal airway form in children with anteroposterior facial patterns
Kyung-Min Oh1, Ji-Suk Hong, Yoon-Ji Kim
1Department of Orthodontics, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
Objective:
To test the null hypothesis that the form and size of the pharyngeal airways in preadolescents do not differ among various skeletal patterns.
Materials And Methods:
Sixty healthy children (mean age, 11.79 ± 1.11 years) were divided into three groups by anteroposterior jaw relationships. Using cone-beam computed tomography, the inclination and the volume of the pharyngeal airway were measured and compared with craniocervical angles and cephalometric variables.
Results:
Children with Class II malocclusion have a larger angle between the FH plane and midplane of the oropharyngeal airway (ang-OA) compared with children with Class I and III malocclusion (P < .01). Ang-OA was significantly correlated with craniocervical angle (ang-cc) and anteroposterior variables, mainly ANB angle, Pog-N perpendicular (P < .01). Airway volume had a positive correlation with facial depth (P < .01).
Conclusion:
Children with Class II malocclusion have more backward orientation and smaller volume of the pharyngeal airway than do children with Class I and III malocclusion. Inclination of the oropharyngeal airway might be a key factor in determining the form of the entire pharyngeal airway and is related to head posture.
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