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Bioremediation

Bioremediation is the use of prokaryotes, fungi, or plants to remove pollutants from the environment. This process has been used to remove harmful toxins in groundwater as a byproduct of agricultural run-off and also to clean up oil spills.

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A Lipid Extraction and Analysis Method for Characterizing Soil Microbes in Experiments with Many Samples
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Enhancing p-cresol extraction from soil.

J M Rosas1, F Vicente, A Santos

  • 1Dpto Ingenieria Quimica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria S/N, 28040 Madrid, Spain. jmrosas@quim.ucm.es

Chemosphere
|April 29, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Tween 80 and Citrate effectively desorb p-cresol from soil, achieving high removal efficiencies. Brij 30 was excluded due to its ecotoxicity, similar to p-cresol itself.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Chemistry
  • Soil Remediation

Background:

  • Soil contamination by organic hydrocarbons like p-cresol poses environmental risks.
  • Soil washing is a viable technology for removing these contaminants.
  • Surfactants and solubilizers are key agents in soil washing processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the efficacy of non-ionic surfactants (Tween 80, Brij 30, Triton X-100) and other agents (cyclodextrin, citrate) for p-cresol desorption.
  • To optimize extractant concentration and liquid-to-solid ratio for efficient p-cresol removal.
  • To evaluate the selectivity of extractants and their impact on soil properties.

Main Methods:

  • Batch extraction experiments were conducted at 20°C using contaminated field soil.
  • Various concentrations of Tween 80, Brij 30, Triton X-100, cyclodextrin, and citrate were tested.
  • p-Cresol desorption percentages were measured over 48 hours.
  • Ecotoxicity of Brij 30 was assessed.

Main Results:

  • Tween 80 and Brij 30 showed the highest asymptotic desorption percentages after 48 hours.
  • Brij 30 exhibited ecotoxicity comparable to p-cresol, leading to its exclusion.
  • Optimal liquid-to-solid ratio was 2.5 mL/g.
  • Extractant concentrations above 1 g/L for Tween 80 and Citrate showed no significant improvement.
  • Tween 80 and Citrate achieved >70% and >60% p-cresol extraction, respectively.
  • Extractants demonstrated selectivity for p-cresol, minimizing soil organic matter release and maintaining soil pH.

Conclusions:

  • Tween 80 and Citrate are effective and selective agents for p-cresol soil washing.
  • Optimized conditions (liquid-to-solid ratio, concentration) enhance extraction efficiency.
  • Ecotoxicity is a critical factor in selecting soil washing agents.