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Updated: Jun 2, 2026
09:18
Correlative Light Electron Microscopy (CLEM) for Tracking and Imaging Viral Protein Associated Structures in Cryo-immobilized Cells
Published on: September 7, 2018
Coxsackievirus B3-induced cellular protrusions: structural characteristics and functional competence
Outi Paloheimo1, Teemu O Ihalainen, Sisko Tauriainen
1Nanoscience Center, Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Finland.
Journal of Virology
|April 29, 2011
Summary
Coxsackievirus B3 infection induces cellular protrusions containing viral capsids. These structures facilitate nonlytic cell-to-cell transmission before cell death, revealing a novel enterovirus spread mechanism.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Cell Biology
- Microbiology
Background:
- Virus-induced changes in cell shape are crucial for viral replication.
- Understanding coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) intracellular events is key to understanding enterovirus pathogenesis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the intracellular mechanisms and morphological changes during CVB3 infection.
- To identify novel pathways for CVB3 cell-to-cell transmission.
Main Methods:
- Microscopy and flow cytometry were used to analyze CVB3-infected green monkey kidney (GMK) cells.
- 3D live-cell imaging and RNA transfection were employed.
- Cytochalasin D treatment and comicroinjection experiments were performed.
Main Results:
- CVB3 capsid proteins appeared 8 hours post-transfection, followed by cell morphological changes.
- Membranous protrusions containing viral capsids, microtubules, and actin formed.
- These protrusions mediated cell-to-cell infection spread without immediate cell lysis.
Conclusions:
- CVB3 infection induces unique cellular protrusions that enable nonlytic cell-to-cell transmission.
- Actin dynamics are important for viral capsid translocation into these protrusions.
- This represents a previously unrecognized mechanism of enterovirus spread.
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