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Related Concept Videos

Regulated mRNA Transport02:22

Regulated mRNA Transport

In eukaryotes, transcription and translation are compartmentalized; an mRNA is first synthesized in the nucleus and then selectively transported to the cytoplasm for protein synthesis. Before transport, a pre-mRNA undergoes several steps of post-transcriptional modifications including splicing, 5' capping, and the addition of a poly-adenine tail. Various proteins bind to the pre-mRNA during these modifications. The mRNA transport takes place with the help of multiple proteins playing specific...
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Yeasts are single-celled organisms, but unlike bacteria, they are eukaryotes (cells with a nucleus). Cell signaling in yeast is similar to signaling in other eukaryotic cells. A ligand, such as a protein or a small molecule released from a yeast cell, attaches to a receptor on the cell surface. The binding stimulates second-messenger kinases to activate or inactivate transcription factors that further regulate gene expression. Many of the yeast intracellular signaling cascades have similar...
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Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...
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Cis-acting Elements involved in mRNA stability

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Isolation of mRNAs Associated with Yeast Mitochondria to Study Mechanisms of Localized Translation
14:44

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Published on: March 14, 2014

A cytoplasmic complex mediates specific mRNA recognition and localization in yeast.

Marisa Müller1, Roland Gerhard Heym, Andreas Mayer

  • 1Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, München, Germany.

Plos Biology
|April 29, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Messenger ribonucleoprotein particle (mRNP) assembly is clarified. A She2p-She3p complex provides specific mRNA recognition for localization, revealing new insights into mRNP biogenesis and mRNA transport.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • mRNA localization is crucial for eukaryotic gene expression, relying on specialized transport complexes.
  • Messenger ribonucleoprotein particles (mRNPs) mediate mRNA transport, but their assembly and cargo specificity are poorly understood.
  • Previous studies lacked clarity on how specific mRNAs are recognized and incorporated into mRNPs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the molecular mechanisms of mRNA recognition and incorporation into mRNPs for localization.
  • To determine the roles of specific RNA-binding proteins in ASH1-mRNA transport in yeast.
  • To elucidate the assembly process of specific, localization-competent mRNPs.

Main Methods:

  • In vitro interaction and reconstitution assays were employed.
  • Yeast ASH1-mRNA transport was used as a model system.
  • Mutational analyses were performed on key proteins.

Main Results:

  • No single implicated RNA-binding protein demonstrated high cargo specificity.
  • The cytoplasmic myosin adapter She3p was identified as an RNA-binding protein.
  • The She2p-She3p complex exhibited synergistic cargo binding with >60-fold higher affinity for localized mRNAs.
  • A C-terminal fragment of She3p was critical for synergistic RNA binding with She2p.
  • Specific mRNA recognition occurs late in mRNP assembly, potentially cytoplasmically.

Conclusions:

  • Specific mRNA recognition for localization is achieved through synergistic binding by the She2p-She3p complex.
  • mRNA localization exhibits higher selectivity than previously suggested by in vitro data.
  • mRNA itself can trigger the assembly of mature, motor-containing complexes.
  • This study provides novel insights into mRNP assembly and mRNA localization mechanisms.