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Frequency of cryptococcal meningitis in HIV-1 infected patients in north central Nigeria

S S Gomerep1, J A Idoko, N G Ladep

  • 1APIN-PLUS/PEPFAR HARVARD, Jos University teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria. simjoma@yahoo.com

Nigerian Journal of Medicine : Journal of the National Association of Resident Doctors of Nigeria
|April 30, 2011
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Cryptococcal meningitis (CM) is a significant threat to individuals with AIDS. This study found a high prevalence of CM in Nigeria, emphasizing the need for early HIV diagnosis and accessible treatments.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Mycology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Cryptococcal meningitis (CM) is a life-threatening fungal infection, particularly in patients with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS).
  • Data on CM prevalence in Nigeria is limited.
  • This study investigated the frequency, clinical presentation, and immunological profile of CM in Nigerian patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of Cryptococcal meningitis (CM) in HIV-1 infected patients in Nigeria.
  • To describe the clinical manifestations of CM.
  • To assess the immunological status (CD4 count) of patients with CM.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study was conducted at Jos University Teaching Hospital.
  • 100 HIV-1 infected patients with suspected meningitis underwent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis, including Indian ink preparation and fungal culture.
  • CD4 counts were determined using flow cytometry.

Main Results:

  • The prevalence of CM was 36% in the studied cohort.
  • Common symptoms included headache (100%), neck stiffness (77.8%), and fever (72.0%).
  • Patients presented with a mean CD4 count of 89 cells/mm³, indicating severe immunosuppression.

Conclusions:

  • The high prevalence of CM highlights the critical need for early HIV diagnosis to reduce incidence.
  • Access to antifungal medications (Amphotericin B, fluconazole) and highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is crucial, especially in resource-limited settings.

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