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Roles for <i>wbtC</i>, <i>wbtI</i>, and <i>kdtA</i> Genes in Lipopolysaccharide Biosynthesis, Protein Glycosylation, Virulence, and Immunogenicity in <i>Francisella tularensis2</i> Strain SCHU S4.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Intratracheal Inoculation of Fischer 344 Rats with Francisella tularensis

Intratracheal Inoculation of Fischer 344 Rats with Francisella tularensis

Published on: September 30, 2017

Tularemia vaccines: recent developments and remaining hurdles.

J Wayne Conlan¹

¹National Research Council, Institute for Biological Sciences, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. wayne.conlan@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca

Future Microbiology

|April 30, 2011

Summary

Francisella tularensis subsp. tularensis poses a significant bioterrorism threat due to its low infectious dose and high mortality. This review examines novel vaccine candidates and their development challenges against this dangerous pathogen.

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Area of Science:

Bacteriology
Immunology
Vaccinology

Background:

Francisella tularensis subsp. tularensis is a highly virulent bacterium causing tularemia.
Inhaled infection has a low dose and high mortality rate.
Concerns exist regarding its potential use as a biological weapon.

Purpose of the Study:

To review current live, killed, and subunit vaccine candidates against Francisella tularensis subsp. tularensis.
To discuss the challenges in developing an effective and licensed vaccine.

Main Methods:

Review of recent studies on vaccine candidates tested in mouse models.
Analysis of efficacy against respiratory challenge with Francisella tularensis subsp. tularensis.

Main Results:

Several novel vaccine candidates have shown promise in preclinical studies.
Existing prophylactic measures are limited and unlicensed.

Conclusions:

Development of a licensed vaccine against Francisella tularensis subsp. tularensis remains a critical unmet need.
Overcoming development hurdles is essential for biodefense preparedness.