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Related Concept Videos

Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction01:27

Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction

Pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the renal parenchyma and collecting system, including the renal pelvis, tubules, and interstitial tissue of one or both kidneys. It can be classified as either acute—a sudden, severe infection—or chronic, which refers to long-term or recurrent kidney infections.The primary cause of acute pyelonephritis (APN) is bacterial infection, with Escherichia coli accounting for approximately 70-80% of cases. Other bacteria, such as Proteus,...
Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management01:28

Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management

Introduction:For diagnosing acute pyelonephritis, a comprehensive patient history is collected to identify symptoms such as dysuria, frequent or urgent urination, flank pain, or costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness that may suggest a kidney infection.Physical ExaminationDuring the physical examination, CVA tenderness is assessed. This involves gentle percussion over the costovertebral angle, where tenderness often indicates a kidney infection.Diagnostic TestsUrinalysis: Used to identify white...
Atypical Pneumonia01:14

Atypical Pneumonia

Atypical pneumonia, often caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, is a form of pulmonary infection that differs from the classical presentation of bacterial pneumonia in both its cause and clinical symptoms. Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a pleomorphic bacterium notable for its lack of a rigid cell wall. This structural characteristic imparts resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics and significantly influences the bacterium’s behavior within the human host.Other pathogens responsible for the disease include...
Streptococcal Pharyngitis01:27

Streptococcal Pharyngitis

Streptococcal pharyngitis, commonly known as “strep throat,” is an acute infection of the oropharyngeal tissues caused by the Gram‑positive Group A Streptococcus (Streptococcus pyogenes). Transmission occurs primarily through respiratory droplets expelled during coughing, sneezing, or talking.Mechanisms of Host Entry and Immune EvasionUpon entering the host, S. pyogenes adheres to the mucosal epithelial cells of the pharynx via surface proteins, notably lipoteichoic acid and the antiphagocytic...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
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Imaging Studies V: Intravenous Urography and Retrograde Pyelography01:22

Imaging Studies V: Intravenous Urography and Retrograde Pyelography

IntroductionIntravenous Urography (IVU) and Retrograde Pyelography (RP) are important diagnostic imaging techniques used to evaluate the urinary system. These methods help identify structural abnormalities, obstructions, and functional issues in the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. Both procedures use iodine-based contrast media to enhance the visibility of urinary tract structures on X-ray images, though they differ in their methods and indications.1. Intravenous Urography (IVU)Intravenous...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Intrarenal Injection of Escherichia coli in a Rat Model of Pyelonephritis
06:09

Intrarenal Injection of Escherichia coli in a Rat Model of Pyelonephritis

Published on: July 18, 2017

Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis.

Li Li1, Anil V Parwani

  • 1Department of Pathology, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Ave, Albany, NY 12208, USA. lil@mail.amc.edu

Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine
|April 30, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP) is a rare chronic kidney infection often linked to urinary obstruction. Diagnosis relies on imaging and histology, with treatment involving antibiotics and surgery.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Intrarenal Injection of Escherichia coli in a Rat Model of Pyelonephritis
06:09

Intrarenal Injection of Escherichia coli in a Rat Model of Pyelonephritis

Published on: July 18, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Pathology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP) is an uncommon, chronic, destructive granulomatous condition affecting the renal parenchyma.
  • It is associated with long-term urinary tract obstruction and infection, predominantly affecting females across a wide age range.
  • Patients typically present with symptoms including flank pain, lower urinary tract issues, fever, palpable mass, hematuria, and weight loss.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the key characteristics of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis.
  • To highlight diagnostic imaging and histological findings.
  • To outline differential diagnoses and treatment considerations.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis.
  • Analysis of common clinical presentations, laboratory findings, and imaging characteristics.
  • Histopathological description and differential diagnosis discussion.

Main Results:

  • Common laboratory findings include leukocytosis and anemia.
  • Urine cultures frequently identify Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis.
  • Computed tomography (CT) is the primary diagnostic imaging modality, showing focal or diffuse forms. Histology reveals granulomatous inflammation with specific cell types.

Conclusions:

  • Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis requires a high index of suspicion given its varied presentation.
  • Accurate diagnosis involves integrating clinical, laboratory, imaging (CT), and histological data.
  • Treatment strategies, including antibiotics and surgery, are tailored to the patient's disease status.