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Related Concept Videos

Negative and Cognitive Symptoms of Schizophrenia01:30

Negative and Cognitive Symptoms of Schizophrenia

Negative symptoms of schizophrenia indicate a reduction or absence of typical behaviors and emotional responses found in healthy individuals, while positive symptoms reflect an excess or distortion of normal functioning.
Negative Symptoms
Negative symptoms of schizophrenia manifest as deficits in normal emotional and behavioral functioning, profoundly impacting daily life. Individuals with schizophrenia often display a flat affect, characterized by a near-total absence of emotional expression,...
Positive Symptoms of Schizophrenia: Hallucinations and Delusions01:30

Positive Symptoms of Schizophrenia: Hallucinations and Delusions

Schizophrenia is a complex mental health disorder that can manifest with various positive symptoms, including thought, movement, and behavior disorders. These symptoms significantly disrupt cognitive and motor functions, leading to profound effects on an individual's ability to engage with the world.
Thought Disorders
Disorganized and unusual thought processes mark thought disorders in schizophrenia. One key feature is disorganized speech, where an individual's conversation includes loosely...
Psychosis: Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders01:27

Psychosis: Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders

Schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder whose origins are rooted in complex genetic components. Despite our burgeoning understanding, the pathophysiology of this disorder remains incompletely deciphered.
Researchers have identified genetic factors that increase susceptibility to schizophrenia, underscoring the intricate interplay between genetics and environment in disease development. At the core of schizophrenia's pathophysiology is excessive dopaminergic neurotransmission within the...
Biological Causes of Schizophrenia01:29

Biological Causes of Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia, a severe psychiatric disorder, arises from a complex interplay of biological factors, including genetic predisposition, structural brain abnormalities, neurotransmitter dysregulation, and developmental irregularities. These factors collectively contribute to the onset and progression of the disorder, which typically manifests in late adolescence or early adulthood.
Genetic Factors in Schizophrenia
The genetic basis of schizophrenia is strongly supported by family and twin studies.
Schizophrenia01:17

Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia, a term introduced by Swiss psychiatrist Eugen Bleuler in 1911, describes a severe psychological disorder marked by profound disruptions in attention, thought processes, language, emotion, and interpersonal relationships. The core feature of schizophrenia is psychosis — a state characterized by a fundamental detachment from reality. This disconnection manifests through distorted logic, impaired perception, and atypical behavior, severely affecting the lives of those diagnosed.
Positive Symptoms Schizophrenia: Hallucinations and Delusions01:26

Positive Symptoms Schizophrenia: Hallucinations and Delusions

Schizophrenia is a complex psychiatric disorder characterized by a range of symptoms that significantly impact cognition, behavior, and emotional regulation. Among these, the positive symptoms stand out as they involve the addition or exaggeration of normal mental functions, deviating markedly from typical behavior and perception. Hallucinations and delusions are prominent positive symptoms, each profoundly affecting the individual's experience of reality.
Hallucinations
Hallucinations in...

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Development of a Virtual Reality Assessment of Everyday Living Skills
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Declarative memory deficits and schizophrenia: problems and prospects.

William S Stone1, Xiaolu Hsi

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. wstone@bidmc.harvard.edu

Neurobiology of Learning and Memory
|April 30, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Schizophrenia impairs declarative memory, impacting daily function. This review explores hippocampal function, genetic links, and the role of insulin resistance in cognitive deficits, suggesting new treatment avenues.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Cognitive deficits, particularly in declarative memory, significantly impair functional outcomes in schizophrenia.
  • Current treatments for cognitive enhancement in schizophrenia have limited efficacy, necessitating novel therapeutic strategies.
  • Declarative memory deficits are observed in both schizophrenia patients and their non-psychotic relatives.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the nature and extent of declarative memory deficits in schizophrenia and relatives.
  • To examine hippocampal structure and function in schizophrenia, including animal models.
  • To explore the link between common medical disorders, specifically insulin insensitivity/diabetes, and cognitive/hippocampal dysfunction in schizophrenia.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review synthesizing findings on declarative memory, hippocampal abnormalities, and metabolic disorders in schizophrenia.
  • Analysis of studies in human patients and animal models relevant to schizophrenia.
  • Examination of the role of glucose regulation and insulin sensitivity in cognitive function.

Main Results:

  • Declarative memory deficits are a core feature of schizophrenia, present even in unaffected relatives.
  • Hippocampal abnormalities are consistently found in individuals with schizophrenia and in relevant animal models.
  • Elevated rates of insulin insensitivity and diabetes in schizophrenia suggest a potential link to cognitive and hippocampal dysfunction.

Conclusions:

  • Poor glucose regulation may contribute to declarative memory deficits and hippocampal abnormalities in schizophrenia.
  • Schizophrenia and metabolic dysregulation might share common etiological factors.
  • Understanding these links offers potential clinical strategies for enhancing declarative memory in schizophrenia.